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The aim of this study was to describe the differences in antimicrobial susceptibility to moxifloxacin between European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in anaerobic microorganisms. Overall, resistance to moxifloxacin appears to be high in almost all groups of anaerobes, but enormous differences in susceptibility rates between these two committees could be observed.The BaeSR two-component system and the AcrB efflux pump are closely associated with Salmonella resistance to antibiotics. However, the relationship between the two-component system, efflux pumps and protein phosphorylation of Salmonella is poorly understood. In this study, S. typhimurium ciprofloxacin-resistant strain CR, baeSR gene deletion strain CRΔbaeSR, acrB gene deletion strain CRΔacrB, and double gene deletion strain CRΔbaeSRΔacrB were used to explore phosphorylated proteins with significant difference, based on non-marker, quantitative phosphorylation modified proteomics technique. Consequently, 363 phosphosites of 213 phosphoproteins were identified in the four strains. More than 70% of the phosphosites were serine phosphorylation. In the CRΔbaeSR/CR, CRΔacrB/CR and CRΔbaeSRΔacrB/CR comparison groups, 36, 37 and 49 phosphosites were significantly altered, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the main enrichment pathways of these differentially phosphorylated proteins were metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of antibiotics, phosphotransferase system (PTS), ABC transporters, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Furthermore, 21 differentially phosphorylated proteins were identified to be associated with antibiotic resistance. These results suggest that the BaeSR two-component system and the AcrB efflux pump affect the phosphorylation of proteins in S. typhimurium and may influence the drug resistance and virulence of S. typhimurium by affecting protein phosphorylation, providing a new idea to explore the mechanism of drug resistance in Salmonella.
The aim of this study was to validate a hypothesis that there is a correlation between up-stream atherosclerosis in femoropopliteal arteries (FPA) assessed by angioscopy and poor angiographic runoff score (ARS).

Thirty-one patients with peripheral arterial disease who underwent endovascular therapy and angioscopy were prospectively included. The yellow plaque color scores were semi-quantitatively determined as 0, 1, 2, or 3. Irregular plaques with rough surfaces, similar to gastric ulcers, were defined as ulcerated plaques (UPs).

UPs were detected in 74.2% of enrolled diseased legs by angioscopy. The mural thrombi were more commonly observed in patients with UPs in FPA vs without (91.3% vs 37.5%, respectively; p=0.006), which were frequently on the UPs (21/23 patients with UPs). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of UPs was positively and independently associated with poor ARS, and that oral anticoagulant use was independently associated with preferable ARS (standardized β= 0.462, p= 0.004, and standardized β= -0.411, p= 0.009, respectively, in the multivariate analysis).

UPs, associated with mural thrombi, were demonstrated to be one of the factors associated with poor ARS according to the angioscopic examinations.
UPs, associated with mural thrombi, were demonstrated to be one of the factors associated with poor ARS according to the angioscopic examinations.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a newly developed technique of balloon-occluded alternate infusions of cisplatin and gelatin particles in transarterial chemoembolization (BOAI-TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to evaluate liver damage following BOAI-TACE.

Forty-three patients with HCC from four medical centers were enrolled in this multicenter, prospective study. Of these, 41 patients were observed for 6 months following BOAI-TACE. The primary endpoint was the safety of BOAI-TACE, and the secondary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) of the HCCs at 2 months following treatment.

Three patients experienced adverse events, including one patient with facial swelling and skin rash, dissection of the celiac artery, and a bland portal vein thrombus. No major adverse events were identified. 4.9% of the patients regressed from a Child-Pugh classification of A to B. The BOAI-TACE treatment achieved a 22.0% complete response (CR) rate and a 73.2% ORR (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.9-84.4%). In a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with HCCs above the up-to-7 criteria, the CR rate and ORR of the BOAI-TACE were 21.7% and 82.6% (95% CI 62.3-93.6%), respectively.

BOAI-TACE is safe and effective for achieving a high ORR while preserving liver function.
BOAI-TACE is safe and effective for achieving a high ORR while preserving liver function.
To compare the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and the peripherally inserted central catheter (PTA+PICC), contralateral PICC, and midline catheterization (MC) in patients with venous stenosis.

A total of 7327 PICC procedures were performed in 5421 patients at our institution between 2013 and 2019. Among them, 87 patients had upper arm venous stenosis and were managed with PTA+PICC, contralateral PICC, or MC. The catheter dwelling time, clinical success rate, and adverse events were addressed. A PICC was considered to have clinically succeed when a PICC was removed from the patient just before discharge or after completion of therapy. The catheter survival time and chance of adverse event were compared between the groups using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

PTA+PICC, contralateral PICC, and MC procedures were performed for 57 (65.5%, 57/87), 10 (11.5%, 10/87), and 20 (23.0%, 23/87) patients, respectively. The mean dwelling times of the PTA+PICC, contralateral PICC, and MC groups were 49.7, 28.7, and 15.1 days respectively. The clinical success rate of each group was 86.0% (49/57), 80.0% (8/10), and 50.0% (10/20), respectively. The PTA+PICC group had a significantly long catheter survival time than the MC group (p < .001). The chance of catheter-related infection (p = .008) was significantly lower in the PTA+PICC group than in the MC group.

PTA+PICC or contralateral PICC should be considered prior to ipsilateral MC when venous stenosis is encountered during PICC procedures.
PTA+PICC or contralateral PICC should be considered prior to ipsilateral MC when venous stenosis is encountered during PICC procedures.Inter-individual variability in the functional organization of the brain presents a major obstacle to identifying generalizable neural coding principles. Functional alignment-a class of methods that matches subjects' neural signals based on their functional similarity-is a promising strategy for addressing this variability. To date, however, a range of functional alignment methods have been proposed and their relative performance is still unclear. In this work, we benchmark five functional alignment methods for inter-subject decoding on four publicly available datasets. Specifically, we consider three existing methods piecewise Procrustes, searchlight Procrustes, and piecewise Optimal Transport. We also introduce and benchmark two new extensions of functional alignment methods piecewise Shared Response Modelling (SRM), and intra-subject alignment. We find that functional alignment generally improves inter-subject decoding accuracy though the best performing method depends on the research context. Specifically, SRM and Optimal Transport perform well at both the region-of-interest level of analysis as well as at the whole-brain scale when aggregated through a piecewise scheme. We also benchmark the computational efficiency of each of the surveyed methods, providing insight into their usability and scalability. Taking inter-subject decoding accuracy as a quantification of inter-subject similarity, our results support the use of functional alignment to improve inter-subject comparisons in the face of variable structure-function organization. We provide open implementations of all methods used.Electrophysiological population signals contain oscillatory and non-oscillatory aperiodic (1/frequency-like) components. So far research has largely focused on oscillatory activity, and only recently, interest in aperiodic population activity has gained momentum. Accordingly, while the cortical correlation structure of oscillatory population activity has been characterized, little is known about the correlation of aperiodic neuronal activity. To address this, we investigated aperiodic neuronal population activity in the human brain using resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG). We combined source-analysis, signal orthogonalization and irregular-resampling auto-spectral analysis (IRASA) to systematically characterize the cortical distribution and correlation of aperiodic neuronal activity. We found that aperiodic population activity is robustly correlated across the cortex and that this correlation is spatially well structured. see more Furthermore, we found that the cortical correlation structure of aperiodic activity is similar but distinct from the correlation structure of oscillatory neuronal activity. Anterior cortical regions showed the strongest differences between oscillatory and aperiodic correlation patterns. Our results suggest that correlations of aperiodic population activity serve as robust markers of cortical network interactions. Furthermore, our results show that aperiodic and oscillatory signal components provide non-redundant information about large-scale neuronal correlations. This may reflect at least partly distinct neuronal mechanisms underlying and reflected by oscillatory and aperiodic neuronal population activity.Analyses of cerebro-peripheral connectivity aim to quantify ongoing coupling between brain activity (measured by MEG/EEG) and peripheral signals such as muscle activity, continuous speech, or physiological rhythms (such as pupil dilation or respiration). Due to the distinct rhythmicity of these signals, undirected connectivity is typically assessed in the frequency domain. This leaves the investigator with two critical choices, namely a) the appropriate measure for spectral estimation (i.e., the transformation into the frequency domain) and b) the actual connectivity measure. As there is no consensus regarding best practice, a wide variety of methods has been applied. Here we systematically compare combinations of six standard spectral estimation methods (comprising fast Fourier and continuous wavelet transformation, bandpass filtering, and short-time Fourier transformation) and six connectivity measures (phase-locking value, Gaussian-Copula mutual information, Rayleigh test, weighted pairwise phase consistency, magnitude squared coherence, and entropy). We provide performance measures of each combination for simulated data (with precise control over true connectivity), a single-subject set of real MEG data, and a full group analysis of real MEG data. Our results show that, overall, WPPC and GCMI tend to outperform other connectivity measures, while entropy was the only measure sensitive to bimodal deviations from a uniform phase distribution. For group analysis, choosing the appropriate spectral estimation method appears to be more critical than the connectivity measure. We discuss practical implications (sampling rate, SNR, computation time, and data length) and aim to provide recommendations tailored to particular research questions.
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