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Calculating Approaches for Enviromentally friendly Study along with Open public Wellbeing.
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple and various functions. In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the consumption of melatonin supplements for reasons other than those related with sleep (as an antioxidant, for anti-aging, and as a hunger regulator). Although the chemical synthesis of melatonin has recently been improved, several unwanted by-products of the chemical reactions involved occur as contaminants. Phytomelatonin, melatonin of plant origin, was discovered in several plants in 1995, and the possibility of using raw plant material as a source to obtain dietary supplements rich in phytomelatonin instead of synthetic melatonin, with its corresponding chemical by-products was raised. This work characterizes the phytomelatonin-rich extract obtained from selected plant material and determines the contents in phytomelatonin, phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was measured. Finally, a melatonin-specific bioassay in fish was carried out to demonstrate the excellent biological properties of the natural phytomelatonin-rich extract obtained.The Special Issue "Food Choice and Nutrition" deals with the relationship between the food choices of different population groups or consumer segments and its impact on the nutritional status, improvement of dietary quality, food and nutrition-related behaviour, food preferences, taste education, sensory characteristics of foods and their role in consumer choice, etc [...].Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease whose pathogenesis is still not completely defined. Previous viral infection is considered to be a triggering factor in genetically predisposed individuals. In about 70% of patients, susceptibility to SAT is associated with the HLA-B*35 allele. The correlation between SAT and other human leukocyte antigens (HLA) has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated and the genetic background is still unknown in about 30% of patients. The purpose of our study was to perform HLA genotyping using a next-generation sequencing method, to find out whether alleles other than HLA-B*35 are correlated with SAT morbidity. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQB1, -DRB1 were genotyped using a next-generation sequencing method in 1083 subjects, including 60 SAT patients and 1023 healthy controls. Among 60 patients diagnosed with SAT, 81.7% of subjects were identified as having allele HLA-B*35, 23.3% had HLA-B*1801, 28.3% had HLA-DRB1*01 and 75.5% had HLA-C*0401. These alleles occurred in the control group at frequencies of 10.2%, 7.2%, 12.9% and 12.5%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant, with p less then 0.05. In addition to its previously described relationship with HLA-B*35, genetic susceptibility to SAT was associated with the presence of HLA-B*1801, DRB1*01 and C*0401. The alleles HLA-B*1801 and DRB1*01 were independent SAT risk factors. The assessment of these four alleles allows the confirmation of genetic predisposition in almost all patients with SAT.The distribution of elemental species of chromium (Cr) in potentially-contaminated soil samples warrants investigation due to the differing mobilities and toxicities of trivalent [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [(Cr(VI)]. In addition, the possibility of species interconversions requires the implementation of robust methods that can correct for changes at the point of sampling, extraction and analysis. This work presents the application of speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) to accurately quantify Cr(VI) in agricultural soils within close proximity to a mine tailings dam in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Interpolated plots of total Cr, produced from data collected through a nested sampling design, were used to optimise the sampling across the spatial domain. Extraction of Cr(VI) was undertaken using a microwave assisted reaction system (80 °C for 5 min) with 50 mM EDTA, to complex Cr(III) and reduce the likelihood of oxidation during the extraction. Isotopically-enriched 53Cr(VI) was added to each sample prior to extraction to account for species interconversions. WM-1119 molecular weight The accuracy of the method was confirmed using NIST SRM 2700 and 2701. Cr(VI) concentrations in the soil samples ranged between 0.03 and 0.29 mg kg-1, significantly lower than the residential UK screening value for Cr(VI) of 21 mg kg-1. The data indicate that this site poses a low environmental/human health risk with respect to Cr(VI) exposure. Crown All rights reserved.To conduct better health risk assessments, this study introduced two risk-based principles and a series of line-lognormal-intersection theorems that helped derive the safe ranges of the cancer slope factors (CSFs) for 708 carcinogenic chemicals. The extrapolated linear dose-response relationships presented in this study can ensure safety with respect to both static and dose-based instantaneous risks compared to the lognormal dose-response model. The theorems proved that the maximum static and dose-based hazard risk ratios of a lognormal curve and a linear model are independent of a chemical's toxicity (the effect dose that corresponds to a 50% response, or ED50), where the selected linear extrapolation (m value) and the individual variability (σ) of the responses to carcinogenic chemicals are two determining factors. The theorems also indicated that individual variability determines the range of m if the acceptable risk ratios were regulated. When σ was 1.36 (i.e., the 50th percentile of the individual variability's lognormal distribution), the safe range of m was derived as [11.22, 21.46] (i.e., from ED11.22 to ED21.46); if the 95th percentile of the σ lognormal distribution was used, the safe range of m was [1.13, 4.57] (i.e., from ED1.13 to ED4.57). This study also showed that for a relatively homogenous population (i.e., σ is relatively small) that has similar characteristics, the linear dose-response extrapolation method might not be completely effective due to the shape shift of the lognormal curve that draws the static risk of the extrapolated linear model away from the lognormal model. Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) is a useful method for the classification and identification of toxicants in a composite environment water sample. However, its extension to a larger sample size has been restrained owing to the limited throughput of toxicity bioassays. Here we reported the development of a high-throughput method of TIE Phase I. This newly developed method was assisted by the fluorescence-based cellular oxidation (CO) biosensor fabricated with roGFP2-expressing bacterial cells in 96-well microplate format. The assessment of four river water samples from Langat river basin by this new method demonstrated that the contaminant composition of the four samples can be classified into two distinct groups. The entire toxicity assay consisted of 2338 tests was completed within 12 h with a fluorescence microplate reader. Concurrently, the sample volume for each assay was reduced to 50 μL, which is 600 to 4700 times lesser to compare with conventional bioassays. These imply that the throughput of the CO biosensor-assisted TIE Phase I is now feasible for constructing a large-scale toxicity monitoring system, which would cover a whole watershed scale.
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