Notes

O-ATRP synthesized poly(β-pinene) blended with chitosan pertaining to anti-microbial as well as de-oxidizing bio-based videos generation.
We report a new "switched-suppression" effect for conditionals with negated components, for example, "if she had not watered the plants they would not have bloomed" modus tollens is suppressed by alternatives and denial of the antecedent by additional conditions, rather than vice versa (Experiments 3a and 3b). We discuss the implications of the results for alternative theories of conditional reasoning. © 2020 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.OBJECTIVES Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a prevalent condition associated with increased risk for depression and cognitive decline. This 12-week prospective, double-blind pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of hearing aids (HAs) for depressed older adults with ARHL evaluated the feasibility of a novel research design. METHODS/DESIGN N = 13 individuals aged ≥60 years with Major Depressive Disorder or Persistent Depressive Disorder and at least mild hearing loss (pure tone average ≥ 30 dB) were randomized to receive full- (active) vs low-amplification (sham) HAs added to psychiatric treatment as usual. Duration of HA use in hours/day, adverse events frequency, attrition rate, and maintenance of the study blinding were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS Compliance with HAs was excellent (>9 hours/day for both groups) and rates of adverse events and drop-outs did not differ between groups. Preliminary data demonstrated differential improvement for active vs sham HAs on hearing functioning (Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly [nonparametric effect size (np-ES) = 0.62]), depressive symptoms (Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology [np-ES = 0.31]), cognition (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Immediate Memory [np-ES = 0.25]), and general functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule [np-ES = 0.53]). Significantly greater than 50% of both groups correctly guessed their treatment assignment, indicating incomplete concealment of treatment allocation. CONCLUSIONS This pilot RCT for ARHL and late-life depression was feasible to execute and showed clinical promise, but improved methods of blinding the experimental treatments are needed. Larger studies should investigate whether hearing remediation may be an effective preventative and/or therapeutic strategy for late-life depression and cognitive decline. Phleomycin D1 © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The structural poses of ligands that bind weakly to protein receptors are challenging to define. In this work we have studied ligand interactions with the adrenoreceptor (AR) subtypes, α 1A -AR and α 1B -AR which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily by employing the solution-based ligand-observed NMR method INPHARMA (Interligand Noes for PHARmacophore Mapping). Lack of receptor crystal structures and of subtype-selective drugs has hindered the definition of the physiological roles of each subtype and limited drug development. We determined the binding pose of the weak binding α 1A -AR selective agonist, A-61603, relative to an endogenous agonist, epinephrine, at both α 1A -AR and α 1B -AR. The NMR experimental data were quantitatively compared, using SpINPHARMA, to the back-calculated spectra based on ligand poses obtained from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The results helped mechanistically explain the selectivity of ( R )-A-61603 towards α 1A -AR, demonstrating an approach for targeting subtype selectivity in ARs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Circadian clocks are cell autonomous self-sustaining oscillators that allow organisms to anticipate environmental changes throughout the solar day and persist in nearly every cell examined. Environmental or genetic disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of several types of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we discuss evidence connecting circadian rhythms - with emphasis on the cryptochrome proteins (CRY1/2) - to cancer through in vivo models, mechanisms involving known tumor suppressors and oncogenes, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and human cancer risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND AND AIM The association of fecal calprotectin (FC) and endoscopic response in inflammatory bowel disease patients during vedolizumab (VDZ) treatment is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of FC to predict endoscopic response. METHODS Patients with active endoscopic disease at baseline were included. Endoscopies and FC tests were performed at baseline and week 16. Patients with a confirmed endoscopic response at week 16, continued VDZ maintenance therapy and endoscopy and FC tests were performed at week 52. Endoscopic response was defined as endoscopic Mayo score reduction of ≥1, SES-CD of ≥50% or Rutgeerts of ≥1. Correlations were assessed using Spearman and receiver operating characteristic statistics. RESULTS A total of 114; 46 ulcerative colitis and 68 Crohn's disease patients (44 males, median age 40 years) were included after start of VDZ; 85% was anti-TNFα refractory. Endoscopic response was observed in 60 (53%) patients at week 16, the response sustained in 73% at week 52. FC decreased significantly from 819 at baseline to 154 μg/g at week 16. FC at week 16 and 52 were significantly correlated to (sustained) endoscopic response (r-0.62/r-0.67,p400μg/g after induction indicates endoscopic loss of response. This simple FC algorithm may guide clinical decisions on the continuation and optimization of VDZ in IBD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Student pastoral support is crucial throughout medical training and is often conducted via face to face meetings with academic personal tutors or mentors. However, the sudden introduction of social distancing measures designed to stem the spread of the virus resulted in a national switch to online teaching and removed the ability to provide students with support in-person. This rapid and unexpected change of circumstances and loss of structure left many students socially isolated and struggling to cope with massive uncertainty. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in biomedical research has expanded at a tremendous rate over the last two decades. Along with increases in laboratories using this model, we are discovering new and important diseases. We review here the important pathogens and diseases based on some 20 years of research and findings from our diagnostic service at the NIH-funded Zebrafish International Resource Center. Descriptions of the present status of biosecurity programmes and diagnostic and treatment approaches are included. The most common and important diseases and pathogens are two parasites, Pseudoloma neurophilia and Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, and mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae, M. marinum and M. haemophilum. Less common but deadly diseases are caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Hepatic megalocytosis and egg-associated inflammation and fibroplasia are common, apparently non-infectious, in zebrafish laboratories. Water quality diseases include supersaturation and nephrocalcinosis. Common neoplasms are spindle cell sarcomas, ultimobranchial tumours, spermatocytic seminomas and a small-cell carcinoma that is caused by a transmissible agent. Despite the clear biosecurity risk, researchers continue to use fish from pet stores, and here, we document two novel coccidia associated with significant lesions in zebrafish from one of these stores. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This article features a partnership between a veterinary school and a charity that aims to enhance the wellbeing of low-income people. Through this partnership, the charity periodically hosts veterinary clinics for clients and their pets. Even as the veterinarians and veterinary students duly examine people's pets, these pop-up clinics aim to help people and their pets. Hence our analysis revolves around the ethics of 'more-than-human solidarity'. By 'more-than-human solidarity', we mean efforts to help others that either center on or that implicate non-human beings. To delve into the ethical and sociological implications of subsidised veterinary services, and to assist with program planning, we conducted several in-depth interviews with veterinarians. Most substantively, we found that the veterinary school's outreach clinics give rise to multi-species biographical value, which is prized as a pedagogical resource for veterinary students. The veterinarians whom we interviewed felt troubled by the extent to which the pop-up clinics ultimately benefited the veterinary school, but also by the shortage of subsidised veterinary services in the vicinity. Based on these interviews and our own reflections, we invite more scholarship on cultural, economic and political influences that shape the lives of human beings and non-human animals alike. © 2020 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the relationship of the spiritual orientation of nurses with compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction of nurses working in two large hospitals. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a descriptive relational study conducted in Atatürk University Research Hospital between April and September 2016. Data were collected from 379 volunteer nurses using the convenience sampling method. A questionnaire, Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) R-IV and Spiritual Orientation Inventory (SOI) were used to collect the research data. FINDINGS It was found that 55.7% of nurses were aged 18 to 27 years, 74.1% of nurses were females. The professional satisfaction of the nurses was high, with low rates of burnout and compassion fatigue. The spiritual orientation of the nurses was high according to the average SOI total score (98.83 ± 15.04). The mean score for compassion fatigue was 21.50 ± 8.69, and the mean score for compassion satisfaction was 34.10 ± 9.91. The mean score for burnout was 19.83 ± 6.39. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses' compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction should be evaluated regularly. The results revealed no correlation between spiritual orientation and these parameters. Studies investigating compassion fatigue among nurses should question the time nurses spend on themselves and leisure time. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Gill parasitic infections challenge farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in freshwater facilities. Apart from flagellates (Ichthyobodo, (Pinto) and ciliates (Ichthyophthirius (Fouquet), Ambiphrya (Raabe), Apiosoma (Blanchard), Trichodinella (Sramek-Husek) and Trichodina (Ehrenberg)), we have shown that amoebae are prevalent in Danish trout farms. Gills were isolated from farmed rainbow trout in six fish farms (conventional and organic earth pond and recirculated systems) and placed on non-nutrient agar (NNA) moistened with modified Neff's amoeba saline (AS) (15°C). Gill amoebae from all examined fish colonized the agar and were identified based on morphological criteria showing species within the genera Trinema (Dujardin) (family Trinematidae), Vannella (Bovee) (family Vannellidae). In addition, hartmannellid amoebae were recorded. We established a monoculture of Vannella sp., confirmed the genus identity by PCR and sequencing and performed an in vitro determination of antiparasitic effects (dose-response studies) of various compounds including sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formalin, aqueous garlic and oregano extracts and a Pseudomonas H6 surfactant.
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