Notes

The particular grown-up lifetime of the female honey bee (Apis mellifera): Metabolism, Grow older color and also the effect of eating fatty acids.
Although a considerable proportion of Asians in the USA experience depression, anxiety and poor sleep, these health issues have been underestimated due to the model minority myth about Asians, the stigma associated with mental illness, lower rates of treatment seeking and a shortage of culturally tailored mental health services. Indeed, despite emerging evidence of links between psychosocial risk factors, the gut microbiome and depression, anxiety and sleep quality, very few studies have examined how these factors are related in Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA. The purpose of this pilot study was to address this issue by (a) testing the usability and feasibility of the study's multilingual survey measures and biospecimen collection procedure among Chinese and Korean immigrants in the USA and (b) examining how stress, discrimination, acculturation and the gut microbiome are associated with depression, anxiety and sleep quality in this population.

This is a cross-sectional pilot study among first a35). Results will be made available to Chinese and Korean community members, the funder and other researchers and the broader scientific community.
Ileus is a common and distressing condition characterised by gut dysfunction after surgery. While a number of interventions have aimed to curtail its impact on patients and healthcare systems, ileus is still an unmet challenge. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve is a promising new treatment due to its role in modulating the neuro-immune axis through a novel anti-inflammatory reflex. The protocol for a feasibility study of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS), and a programme of mechanistic and qualitative studies, is described.

This is a participant-blinded, parallel-group, randomised, sham-controlled feasibility trial (IDEAL Stage 2b) of self-administered nVNS. One hundred forty patients planned for elective, minimally invasive, colorectal surgery will be randomised to four schedules of nVNS before and after surgery. Feasibility outcomes include assessments of recruitment and attrition, adequacy of blinding and compliance to the intervention. Clinical outcomes include bowel function and length of hospital stay. A series of mechanistic substudies exploring the impact of nVNS on inflammation and bowel motility will inform the design of the final stimulation schedule. Semistructured interviews with participants will explore experiences and perceptions of the intervention, while interviews with patients who decline participation will explore barriers to recruitment.

The protocol has been approved by the Tyne and Wear South National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committee (19/NE/0217) on 2 July 2019. Feasibility, mechanistic and qualitative findings will be disseminated to national and international partners through peer-reviewed publications, academic conferences, social media channels and stakeholder engagement activities. The findings will build a case for or against progression to a definitive randomised assessment as well as informing key elements of study design.

ISRCTN62033341.
ISRCTN62033341.
To develop a programme theory for the intervention of patients receiving discharge letters.

We used a realist evaluation approach and captured multiple perspectives of hospital discharge to refine our previously developed programme theory. General practitioner (GP), patient and hospital clinician views of a single discharge event in which they were all involved were collected using semi-structured interviews and surveys. These were then triangulated to match the corresponding discharge letter. see more Data were qualitatively synthesised and compared in meta-matrices before interrogation with realist logic of analysis to develop the programme theory that maps out how patients receiving discharge letters works in specific contexts.

14 GP practices and four hospital trusts in West Midlands, UK.

10 complete matched cases (GP, patient and hospital practitioner), and a further 26 cases in which a letter was matched with two out of the three participants.

We identified seven context mechanism outcome configurationopment relating to patient discharge.
We suggest how patients receiving discharge letters could be improved to enhance patient outcomes. Our programme theory has potential for use in different healthcare contexts and as a framework for policy development relating to patient discharge.
To determine the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a peer mentorship intervention to improve self-management of osteoarthritis (OA).

Six-month parallel group non-blinded randomised feasibility trial.

One secondary care and one primary care UK National Health Service Trust.

Fifty adults aged ≥55 years old with hip and/or knee OA.

Participants were allocated 11 to the intervention or control group using an online randomisation service. Intervention group participants received usual care (information resources) and up to eight community-based self-management support sessions delivered by a peer mentor (trained volunteer with hip and/or knee OA). Control group participants received usual care only.

Key feasibility outcomes were participant and peer mentor recruitment and attrition, intervention completion and the sample size required for a definitive RCT. Based on these feasibility outcomes, four success criteria for proceeding to a definitive RCT were prespecified. Pati.
ISRCTN50675542.
Timely access to outpatient services is a major issue for public health systems. To address this issue, we aimed to establish the return on investment to the health system of the implementation of an alternative model for access and triage (Specific Timely Appointments for Triage STAT) compared with a traditional waitlist model.

Using a prospective pre-post design, an economic analysis was completed comparing the health system costs for participants who were referred for community outpatient services post-implementation of STAT with a traditional waitlist comparison group.

Eight community outpatient services of a health network in Melbourne, Australia.

Adults and children referred to community outpatient services.

STAT combined targeted activities to reduce the existing waiting list and direct booking of patients into protected assessment appointments. STAT was compared with usual care, in which new patients were placed on a waiting list and offered appointments as space became available.

Health system costs included STAT implementation costs, outpatient health service use, emergency department presentations and hospital admissions 3 months before and after initial outpatient appointment.
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