Notes

Proteomic correlates involving cortical breadth inside cognitively normal those that have regular as well as excessive cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid1-42.
Smokers had significantly (p less then 0.05) higher level of Cd (0.35 μg/g) but lower level of Zn (101.24 µg/g) than non-smokers (Cd 0.17 μg/g; Zn 252.63 µg/g). Hg and Pb contents in hair of Shenzhen people were positively related with the frequencies of seafood consumption and the age, respectively. Moreover, residents lived in private buildings (well decorated house) accumulated significantly higher (p less then 0.05) levels of Pb, Cr, Fe and Ni as compared with those lived in public rental house and village house (no decoration or simple decoration), suggesting that decoration material was also an important way for human exposure to heavy metals.Previous studies suggest that cadmium (Cd) is one of the causative factors of prostate cancer (PCa), but the effect of chronic Cd exposure on PCa progression remains unclear. Besides, whether long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of prolonged exposure to Cd in PCa needs to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that the serum concentration of Cd in PCa patients was positively correlated with the Gleason score and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification. To simulate chronic Cd exposure in PCa, we subjected PC3 and DU145 cells to long-term, low-dose Cd exposure and further examined tumor behavior. Functional studies identified that chronic Cd exposure promoted cell growth and ferroptosis resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 expression was greatly elevated in PC3 and DU145 cells upon chronic Cd exposure. Dysregulation of OIP5-AS1 expression mediated cell growth and Cd-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 served as an endogenous sponge of miR-128-3p to regulate the expression of SLC7A11, a surrogate marker of ferroptosis. Moreover, miR-128-3p decreased cell viability by enhancing ferroptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 promotes PCa progression and ferroptosis resistance through miR-128-3p/SLC7A11 signaling.DNA polyhedra are artificial cage-like architectures based on interlocked and interlinked DNA double-strands. Using fewer strands to construct DNA cages shows an important role in the design of single-stranded DNA molecules. However, construction methods for DNA polyhedra from topological perspective remains not well understood. In this study, we theoretically propose an assembling strategy for DNA polyhedra with minimum strands based on computer algorithm. The results show that this efficient method could search DNA polyhedra with fewer strands faster. Our research provides new insights into design and synthesis for DNA polyhedra with required topological structures.In a previous pilot study, we showed that polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids of breast adipose tissues were associated with breast cancer multifocality. In the present study, we investigated biochemical, clinical and histological factors associated with breast cancer focality in a large cohort of women with positive hormone-receptors tumors. One hundred sixty-one consecutive women presenting with positive hormone-receptors breast cancer underwent breast-imaging procedures including a Magnetic Resonance Imaging prior to treatment. Breast adipose tissue specimens were collected during surgery of tumors. A biochemical profile of breast adipose tissue fatty acids was established by gas chromatography. Clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated with multifocality. selleck chemicals llc We assessed whether these factors were predictive of breast cancer focality. We found that tumor size (OR = 1.06 95%CI [1.02-1.09], p less then 0.001) and decreased levels in breast adipose tissue of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (OR = 0.11 95%CI [0.01-0.98], p = 0.03), were independent predictive factors of multifocality. Low levels of long chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue appear to contribute to breast cancer multifocality. The present results reinforce the link between dietary habits and breast cancer clinical presentation.Telomeres are repeat sequences and an associated protein complex located at the end of the chromosomes. They shorten with every cell division and are regarded markers for cellular aging. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been observed in many complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders. However, analyses focusing on psychiatric disorders are mainly based on clinical samples and the significance of shorter LTL on the population level remains uncertain. We addressed this question in a population-based sample from Finland (N = 7142). The survey was performed and the blood samples were collected in 2000-2001 to assess major public health problems and their determinants. DSM-IV diagnoses of major psychiatric illnesses were obtained by interview using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Information regarding their risk factors, including the number of self-reported childhood adversities, recent psychological distress, and sleep difficulties was collected by questionnaires. LTL was measured by qPCR. None of the studied psychiatric illnesses, sleep difficulties, or recent psychological distress associated with LTL. However, individuals with three or more childhood adversities had shorter LTL at adult age (β = -0.006, P = 0.005). Also, current occupational status was associated with LTL (β = -0.03, P = 0.04). These effects remained significant after adjusting for known LTL-associated lifestyle or sociodemographic factors. In conclusion, relatively common childhood adversities were associated with shorter LTL at adult age in a nationally representative population-based cohort, implying that childhood adversities may cause accelerated telomere shortening. Our finding has potentially important implications as it supports the view that childhood adversities have an impact on psychological and somatic well-being later in life.Perinatal depression (PND) affects 15% of mothers. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line of treatment for PND but are not always efficacious. Previously, we found significant reductions in plasma tryptophan concentrations and higher hippocampal proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β levels, due to maternal SSRI treatment. Both inflammation and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway (TKP) are associated with SSRI efficacy in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). TKP is divided into neuroprotective and neurotoxic pathways. Higher metabolite concentrations of the neurotoxic pathway are associated with depression onset and implicated in SSRI efficacy. Metabolites in TKP were investigated in a rodent model of de novo postpartum depression (PPD) given treatment with the SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX). Dams were administered corticosterone (CORT) (40 mg/kg, s.c.), and treated with the SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX) (10 mg/kg, s.c.), during the postpartum for 22 days after parturition. Plasma TKP metabolite concentrations were quantified on the last day of treatment. Maternal postpartum CORT increased neurotoxic metabolites and co-enzyme/cofactors in dams (3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, vitamin B2, flavin adenine dinucleotide). The combination of both CORT and FLX shifted the neuroprotective-to-neurotoxic ratio towards neurotoxicity. Postpartum FLX decreased plasma xanthurenic acid concentrations. Together, our data indicate higher neurotoxic TKP expression due to maternal postpartum CORT treatment, similar to clinical presentation of MDD. Moreover, maternal FLX treatment showed limited efficacy to influence TKP metabolites, which may correspond to its limited efficacy to treat depressive-like endophenotypes in the postpartum. Overall suggesting changes in TKP may be used as a biomarker of de novo PPD and antidepressant efficacy and targeting this pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target.Adverse early life experiences can produce long-lasting changes in neurocircuits. The aim of this study was to investigate the programming effects of early maternal separation on the adult offspring vasopressin system. We hypothesized that subjecting adult rats to 4.5 h of daily maternal separation between postnatal days 1 - 21 will have altered hyperosmolarity-induced Avp expression and the response of supraoptic (SON) neurons to electrical and osmotic stimulation. We measured Avp mRNA and hn-RNA in the SON and in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by quantitative PCR, and assessed the intrinsic excitability of magnocellular SON neurons as well as their osmotic responses by the patch-clamp technique. In maternally-separated rats we found that basal and osmolarity-induced Avp mRNA gene expression was upregulated in the SON, whereas osmolarity-induced Avp hn-RNA gene expression was abolished. Similarly, in the PVN of maternally-separated rats the osmolarity-induced Avp mRNA gene expression was blunted. The supraoptic neurons of separated rats also had greater excitability than those of non-separated rats. Our results indicate that early maternal separation has long-term consequences on basal and hyperosmolarity-induced Avp hypothalamic expression as well as on the intrinsic excitability of magnocellular supraoptic neurons.
Parent-child separation has been shown to increase the risk of a range of mental and physical health conditions later in life. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation may help to explain this association. However, few studies have examined the effect of maternal separation on cortisol in late adulthood.

We examined the relationship between maternal separation in childhood and hair cortisol concentrations in late adulthood, using data from the Whitehall II study (n=3969, mean age 70y, range 60-83y). Additionally, the role of childhood (adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), material disadvantage, and parenting), adult (marital status and social position), and health (health behaviors, cardiovascular health and medication, and depression) measures in this association were examined. Finally, we examined age of separation and reason for separation. Analysis was carried out using linear regression.

Hair cortisol concentrations (pg/mg) among participants who reported maternal separation during childhood were higher (B=0.179, 95% CI 0.041-0.317, p=0.01) compared to their non-separated counterparts. This effect was robust to adjustment by childhood, adult, and health measures. Among participants who reported separation, age at onset and reason for separation were not significantly associated with hair cortisol concentrations.

In older age individuals, hair cortisol concentrations were higher in those who reported maternal separation during childhood. This effect was independent of a wide variety of factors suggesting that there are lifelong pathways between early life separation and HPA functioning in old age.
In older age individuals, hair cortisol concentrations were higher in those who reported maternal separation during childhood. This effect was independent of a wide variety of factors suggesting that there are lifelong pathways between early life separation and HPA functioning in old age.For the first time, organophosphate ester (OPE) content was studied in different types of surgical, self-filtering (KN95, FFP2, and FFP3) and reusable face masks used for COVID-19 prevention. OPEs were detected in all mask samples, although in highly variable amounts which ranged from 0.02 to a maximum of 27.7 µg/mask, with the highest mean concentrations obtained for KN95 masks (11.6 µg/mask) and the lowest for surgical masks (0.24 µg/mask). Twelve out of 16 tested analytes were detected, with TEP, TPHP, TNBP, TEHP and TClPP being the most common OPEs as well as present at the highest concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPE inhalation were calculated as being always several orders of magnitude lower than threshold levels, indicating that the use of face masks is safe with regard to OPE contamination. However, given the wide range of OPEs observed in different masks, it can be concluded that some masks (e.g. reusable) are less OPE-contaminated than others (e.g. KN95). With regard to environmental pollution, the disposal of billions of face masks is adding to the already substantial levels of microplastics and associated toxic additives worldwide, an impact that is lessened by use of reusable masks, which also have the lowest economic cost per user.
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