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Industrial robustness is guaranteed by a bespoke optical beam design. Our sensor demonstrator outperforms state-of-the-art thickness sensors applied on dry coatings by a factor three and is expected to become a game changer for the paint shop, where today's scrap rates worldwide are as high as one car body per minute.We propose a fast and blind chromatic dispersion (CD) estimation method by one sample per symbol after coherent detection. The CD estimation process is non-data aided, without the iterative scanning to obtain the CD values. Moreover, we identify that the proposed CD estimation method is transparent to the used modulation format and robust to the transmission impairments, including amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and fiber nonlinearity. When the 35-GBaud DP-16QAM signal with a roll-off factor of 0.1 is transmitted over standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with a range from 320-km to 560-km, the error of CD estimation is less than 150-ps/nm under the condition of 8192 symbols used.Wave plates based on metasurfaces have attracted intensive attention over the past decade owing to their compactness and design flexibility. Although various wave plates have been designed, their working wavelengths are fixed once they are made. Here we present a study on tunable wave plates based on phase-change metasurfaces made of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillar structures. The Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillars can work as a high-efficiency transmissive half- or quarter-wave plate depending on their structural parameters. The working wavelength of wave plate can be tuned via the phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5. Moreover, the polarization state of the transmitted light at a fixed wavelength can be modified by changing the crystallinity of Ge2Sb2Te5. The features suggest that tunable wave plates may have applications in optical modulators, molecular detection, and polarimetric imaging.Polycrystalline materials can mediate efficient frequency up-conversion for mid-infrared light. Motivated by the need to understand the properties of the harmonic and supercontinuum radiation from such media, we utilize realistic numerical simulations to reveal its complex temporal and spatial structure. We show that the generated radiation propagates in the form of long-duration pulse trains that can be difficult to compress and that optical filamentation in high-energy pulses gives rise to fine-structured beam profiles. We identify trends concerning pulse energy, sample length, and the microstructure of the material that can inform optimization for different applications.The achromaticity and wide-angle property of quarter-wave plates (QWPs) are crucial for the color uniformity and image resolution of the future displays such as virtual reality (VR) pancake lens and augmented reality (AR) waveguide/focusing systems. However, most reported achromatic wide-angle QWPs designs composed by stacks of different birefringent plates are too complicated with limited achromaticity and wide-angle performance. The multi-twist retarders (MTR) QWPs presented in previous work already showed its potential to achieve high achromaticity in RGB using one monolithic film in normal incidence, but the incompetent polarization control in blue-violet limits its application in LED-based polarization-sensitive AR/VR headsets. In this work, we theoretically investigate a new type of MTR QWPs achieving super achromaticity from violet to red with average ellipticity 43° and simultaneously maintaining wide-viewing angle up to ±45°, which enables a precise polarization control within the field-of-view (FOV) of current AV/VR headset. The new proposed MTR QWP is also reported to obtain average reflection luminance leakage 0.15~% and maximum leakage 0.23~%, making it a promising element to reduce polarization leakage and enhance image resolution in the next-generation displays.Rotational Doppler effect (RDE) has attracted much attention in recent years which opens new avenues to angular velocity measurement. However, most previous studies used single-frequency vortex light as the detection beam so that the rotational Doppler signal is in the low frequency domain where most of noise signals exist. In this article, we use the dual-frequency 2-fold multiplexed vortex light as the probe beam and transform the Doppler signals from the low frequency domain to the high frequency domain successfully. The results show hardly any noise compared with the measurement in the low frequency domain. More importantly, the direction of rotation can be obtained directly by comparing the modulated signal and the reference signal. Our work demonstrates a new detection method for the RDE and provides a reference for its practical application.Time-multiplexed light-field displays (TMLFDs) can provide natural and realistic three-dimensional (3D) performance with a wide 120° viewing angle, which provides broad potential applications in 3D electronic sand table (EST) technology. However, current TMLFDs suffer from severe crosstalk, which can lead to image aliasing and the distortion of the depth information. In this paper, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of crosstalk in TMLFD systems are identified and analyzed. The results indicate that the specific structure of the slanted lenticular lens array (LLA) and the non-uniformity of the emergent light distribution in the lens elements are the two main factors responsible for the crosstalk. In order to produce clear depth perception and improve the image quality, a novel ladder-type LCD sub-pixel arrangement and a compound lens with three aspheric surfaces are proposed and introduced into a TMLFD to respectively reduce the two types of crosstalk. Crosstalk simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods. Structural similarity (SSIM) simulation experiments and light-field reconstruction experiments also indicate that aliasing is effectively reduced and the depth quality is significantly improved over the entire viewing range. Voxtalisib nmr In addition, a tabletop 3D EST based on the proposed TMLFD is presented. The proposed approaches to crosstalk reduction are also compatible with other lenticular lens-based 3D displays.Bioinspired structural colors are attracting increasing attention in photonics, display, labeling and so forth. High-resolution and stable coloration is significant but is challenging to be fabricated in a facile and low-cost way. Herein, multilayer architecture containing an internal nanocavity as the structural color unit is obtained conveniently by direct nanosecond laser printing in atmosphere condition. Arbitrary colorful patterns with submicron accuracy can be realized only by a single step. And such structural colors induced by inner structures in the interlayer are antipollutive, antioxidative and easy to clean.Understanding the fundamental sensitivity limit of an optical sensor requires a full quantum mechanical description of the sensing task. In this work, we calculate the fundamental (quantum) limit for discriminating between pure laser light and thermal noise in a photon-starved regime. The Helstrom bound for discrimination error probability for single mode measurement is computed along with error probability bounds for direct detection, coherent homodyne detection and the Kennedy receiver. A generalized Kennedy (GK) receiver is shown to closely approach the Helstrom limit. We present an experimental demonstration of this sensing task and demonstrate a 15.4 dB improvement in discrimination sensitivity over direct detection using a GK receiver and an improvement of 19.4% in error probability over coherent detection.We optically designed and investigated two deterministic light-trapping concepts named "Hutong" (wafer thickness dependent, patch-like arrangement of "V" grooves with alternating orientations) and "VOSTBAT" (one directional "V" grooves at the front and saw-tooth like structures at the back) for the application in emerging thin silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Calculated photocurrent density (Jph) (by weighting the spectrally resolved absorptance with AM1.5g spectrum and integrating over the wavelength) showed that both the Hutong and VOSTBAT structures exceed the Lambertian reference and achieved Jph of 41.72 mA/cm2 and 41.86 mA/cm2, respectively, on 60 µm thin wafers in the case of directional, normal incidence.The transmissive optical fiber localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor has become an effective tool in refractive index sensing because of its compact structure, high sensitivity and strong designability. However, its special structure with the sensing region in the middle of the optical fiber leads to the shortcomings of difficult preparation and poor reproducibility, which greatly restricts its application scopes. In order to solve such problem, we design gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based fusion spliced transmissive optical fiber LSPR probes, which are fabricated via the fusion splicing between the surface modified combination tapered optical fiber and another multimode quartz optical fiber but are totally different from other fabrications of the reported transmissive optical fiber LSPR probes. The fiber probe fabrication is rather simple and cost-effective, only relying on the procedures of combination tapered optical fiber preparation, surface modification and probe fusion splicing, and except for the probe fusion splicing, the other procedures can be mass prepared thus maintaining high efficiency and good reproducibility in fiber probe fabrications. Moreover, according to the experimental verifications, the proposed fiber probes can reach rather high sensitivity in refractive index sensing with high accuracy and good stability in both static and dynamic detecting modes. Therefore, the AuNP-based fusion spliced transmissive optical fiber LSPR probe is a preferred solution for refractive index sensing and can be widely used in various applications.High-power silicon-based photodiodes are key components in many silicon photonics systems, such as microwave photonics systems, an optical interconnection system with multi-level modulation formats, etc. Usually, the saturation power of the silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) photodiode is limited by the space-charge screening (SCS) effect and the feasibility of the fabrication process. Here, we propose a high saturation power Si-Ge photodiode assisted by doping regulation. Through alleviating the SCS effect of the photodiode, we successfully demonstrate an 85.7% improvement on the saturation power and a 57% improvement on the -1 dB compression photocurrent. The proposed high-power Si-Ge photodiode requires no specific fabrication process and will promote the low-cost integrated silicon photonics systems for more applications.We report on an asymmetric high energy dual optical parametric amplifier (OPA) which is capable of having either the idlers, signals, or depleted pumps, relatively phase locked at commensurate or incommensurate wavelengths. Idlers and signals can be locked on the order of 200 mrad rms or better, corresponding to a 212 as jitter at λ=2 µm. The high energy arm of the OPA outputs a combined 3.5 mJ of signal and idler, while the low energy arm outputs 1.5 mJ, with the entire system being pumped with a 1 kHz, 18 mJ TiSapphire laser. Both arms are independently tunable from 1080 nm-2600 nm. The combination of relative phase locking, high output power and peak intensity, and large tunability makes our OPA an ideal tool for use in difference frequency generation (DFG) in the strong pump regime, and for high peak field waveform synthesis in the near-infrared. To demonstrate this ability we generate terahertz radiation through two color waveform synthesis in air plasma and show the influence of the relative phase on the generated terahertz intensity.
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