Notes

Severe Valproate Coverage Triggers Mitochondrial Biogenesis along with Autophagy using FOXO3a Modulation within SH-SY5Y Cells.
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical stimulation on injection pain in adults receiving intramuscular injections.

Intramuscular injections are the most commonly used modality for administration of pharmacological treatments. Despite this, pain from intramuscular injections is the most commonly reported side effect. Reducing patients' pain from intramuscular injections is important; however, the challenge is in selecting from the current methods available to alleviate pain, which are varied. The findings of this review may identify the most effective physical stimulation method to reduce the side effect of pain from an intramuscular injection.

This review will consider studies that include adults aged 18 years and over that use physical stimulation interventions during intramuscular injections. Any physical stimulation strategies used during intramuscular injections including devices, skin tapping, manual pressure, massage, pinch, and traction will be considered. Studies that evaluate pain using validated tools such as pain scales will be included.

The review will undertake to find both published and unpublished studies. The key information sources to be searched are MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Dissertation Abstracts International, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and MedNar. Two independent reviewers will conduct a critical appraisal of eligible studies, assess the methodological quality, and extract the data. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis.

PROSPERO CRD42020168586.
PROSPERO CRD42020168586.
The objective is to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments compared to pharmacologic treatments in veterans with sleep disturbances.

Sleep disturbances in veterans are a common occurrence. If left untreated, these individuals are susceptible not only to accidents and injuries but long-term psychiatric and/or cardiovascular complications.

This review will consider studies of veterans, aged 18 and over, with a diagnosis of sleep disturbances. This study will exclude patients with psychotic disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, or other medical illnesses causing disrupted sleep.

This review will use the JBI methodology for evidence of effectiveness. The search will be limited to studies published in English after 1970. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), and PsycINFO (EBSCO). The trial registers to be searched include US National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov) and Cochrane Library. The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, and WorldWideScience. Eligible studies will undergo critical appraisal and data extraction by two independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments and a data extraction tool from JBI. Studies will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis when possible. When statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form with tables and figures.

PROSPERO (CRD42019140804).
PROSPERO (CRD42019140804).
This systematic review will assess the association between developmental coordination disorder and low motor competence, and impairments in bone health across the lifespan.

Individuals with developmental coordination disorder tend to have a pattern of physical activity associated with bone health impairments. Preliminary studies have found impairments in bone health measures, including fractures, throughout the lifespan with potential public health ramifications. As studies in this area are of small samples across wide age ranges no comprehensive picture of bone health in this group has been formed, hindering action. A systematic review is needed to determine the potential risk of bone impairment in this population.

Studies that assess the relationship between developmental coordination disorder/low motor competence and bone health, regardless of measures used, will be included in the review. There will be no exclusions based on region, study design, or participant demographic characteristics.

Published studies and gray literature will be searched, with no limits on publication date or language. OSS_128167 ic50 Assessment of studies for inclusion, as well as data extraction, will be performed by two reviewers, with data cross checked for accuracy. Studies will be appraised using the appropriate JBI tool for the study design. Data to be extracted include unadjusted results and effect sizes for bone health measures. A narrative synthesis will be performed and if there is a sufficient number of studies, a meta-analysis using the same outcome measures will be performed on odds ratios of abnormal bone phenotype and fracture in this population.

PROSPERO CRD42020167301.
PROSPERO CRD42020167301.
The objective of this scoping review is to map and identify the symptoms, adverse events, and outcomes in the use of medicinal cannabis in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts social communication and social interaction, and is associated with restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests. Medicinal cannabis has become a potential area of interest for parents for the treatment of ASD symptoms in their children. There is some evidence that cannabinoids may be involved in autism spectrum disorder, laying a potential foundation for medicinal cannabis utility; however, previous reviews did not identify any clinical research on this topic.

This scoping review will consider all published and unpublished studies that investigate the use of medicinal cannabis in autism spectrum disorder, where at least 50% of the participants have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and at least 50% of the study population is 0-18 years of age, or where pediatric data are reported separately. Studies undertaken in any context (hospital or community) and in any geographic location will be included.

We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and the gray literature sources for studies. Two independent team members will screen titles and abstract, review full texts for potential inclusion, and extract data for all studies. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis and in tabular form.
We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and the gray literature sources for studies. Two independent team members will screen titles and abstract, review full texts for potential inclusion, and extract data for all studies. The results will be presented as a narrative synthesis and in tabular form.
The objective of the review is to investigate the experiences of patients with lysosomal storage disorders treated with enzyme replacement therapy and the experiences of their families.

Lysosomal storage disorders are rare diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins required for lysosomal function. The onset of lysosomal storage disorders vary from infancy to adulthood, depending on the specific disease and disease type. Enzyme replacement therapy is the standard treatment for some lysosomal storage disorders. The adherence to the treatment by patients and their families is affected not only by the symptoms but also by the scheduling of hospital visits. No qualitative systematic review on this topic has examined the experiences of patients and their families.

Qualitative studies dealing with the experiences of patients with lysosomal storage disorders receiving enzyme replacement therapy and their families will be included. These may include experiences related to satisfaction or dissatisfaction with being diagnosed, difficulties and expectations continuing treatment, the advantages or disadvantages related to school and work life, and the psychological burden and supports on families. This review will consider studies in all settings because relevant experiences of patients and their families may occur outside medical institutions.

MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases will be examined from 1991 to the present. Studies published in any language will be included. The study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be performed in accordance with the guidelines for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence in the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

PROSPERO CRD42019147751.
PROSPERO CRD42019147751.
The objective of this review is to identify, appraise, and synthesize available qualitative evidence related to diagnostic overshadowing in mental health consumers who present with clinical manifestations of physical illness.

A lived experience of mental illness is associated with compromised physical health and decreased life expectancy. Mental health consumers face greater barriers to accessing treatment for physical illnesses and are less likely to receive appropriate physical care than those without mental illness. Physical illnesses may go underdiagnosed and undertreated in mental health consumers because clinicians tend to focus on the mental illness to the exclusion of other health problems, a phenomenon called diagnostic overshadowing. This systematic review will combine the experiences of mental health consumers and health care professionals to gain deeper understanding of diagnostic overshadowing.

This review will consider qualitative studies that include the experiences of diagnostic overshadowing in mental health consumers and/or the health care professionals who treat them. Studies conducted in any health care facility or service offering care for physical illnesses will be considered.

MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO Scopus, will be searched along with sources of gray literature. Studies in English published from 2004 onward will be considered. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Findings will, where possible, be pooled using JBI SUMARI with the meta-aggregation approach. A ConQual Summary of Findings will be presented.

PROSPERO CRD42020186418.
PROSPERO CRD42020186418.
The objective of this review is to examine clinical, psychosocial, and biological factors associated with suicidality in young people diagnosed with depression. This review will describe risk and protective factors, focusing on modifiable attributes, in order to inform suicide prevention and early intervention strategies.

Suicide is the world's second leading cause of death among young people. Depression is closely associated with suicide; however, it lacks specificity as a predictor of suicidal behavior. There is a clear need to improve our understanding of both risk and protective factors associated with the full spectrum of suicidality in young people, across a range of depressive disorders.

Studies that include young people 15 to 25 years of age with a diagnosis of depression made in accordance with a diagnostic classification standard will be considered. Diagnosis must be made using a structured clinical interview or be received through standard clinical practice. Analytical cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies will be included.
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