Notes

Multi-omic analyses associated with hepatocellular carcinoma to ascertain immunological characteristics and important nodes in gene-expression system.
An all-optical fiber multi-layer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on a sandwich structure of polydopamine-MoSe2@Au nanoparticles-polydopamine (PDA-MoSe2@AuNPs-PDA) was designed for the detection of specific immunoreactions. By optimizing the multi-layer structure and the ratio of MoSe2 AuNPs, a sensitivity of 5117.59 nm/RIU has been obtained, which is more than double that of the only Au-filmed optical fiber SPR sensor. A large surface area was produced by integrating the MoSe2 primitive unit cell and the AuNPs into a hybrid plasmonic nanostructure of MoSe2@AuNPs, leading to optical fiber SPR signal amplification. The nanostructure of MoSe2@AuNPs was surrounded by the PDA layer to guarantee the efficient immobilization of the protein molecules on the optical fiber by strong covalent bond. This biosensor achieved a detection limit of 54.05 ng/mL for detecting the goat-anti-rabbit IgG, which demonstrated enhancements of 12.1%, 23.3% and 184.6% in comparison with three reported SPR biosensors decorated with PDA-AuNPs-PDA, PDA and Cysteamine-MoSe2@AuNPs-Cysteamine nanostructure, respectively. This biosensor achieved favorable selectivity and outstanding sensitivity compared with the reported SPR immuno-sensors, which will provide a miniaturized, rapid-response and label-free optical fiber bio-sensing platform for clinical diagnosis in the future.In acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM), a high numerical aperture focused ultrasound transducer (UST) is used for deep tissue high resolution photoacoustic imaging. There is a significant degradation of lateral resolution in the out-of-focus region. Improvement in out-of-focus resolution without degrading the image quality remains a challenge. In this work, we propose a deep learning-based method to improve the resolution of AR-PAM images, especially at the out of focus plane. A modified fully dense U-Net based architecture was trained on simulated AR-PAM images. Applying the trained model on experimental images showed that the variation in resolution is ∼10% across the entire imaging depth (∼4 mm) in the deep learning-based method, compared to ∼180% variation in the original PAM images. Performance of the trained network on in vivo rat vasculature imaging further validated that noise-free, high resolution images can be obtained using this method.[This corrects the article on p. 5565 in vol. 11, PMID 33149971.].The wound-healing assay is a simple but effective tool for studying collective cell migration (CCM) that is widely used in biophysical studies and high-throughput screening. However, conventional imaging and analysis methods only address two-dimensional (2D) properties in a wound healing assay, such as gap closure rate. This is unfortunate because biological cells are complex 3D structures, and their dynamics provide significant information about cell physiology. Here, we presented 3D label-free imaging for wound healing assays and investigated the 3D dynamics of CCM using optical diffraction tomography. High-resolution subcellular structures as well as their collective dynamics were imaged and analyzed quantitatively.Mycotic pseudoaneurysm (or infected pseudoaneurysm) is an infectious arteritis, leading to the destruction of the arterial wall with the formation of a blind, saccular outpouching contiguous with the arterial lumen. Delayed management or non-management of mycotic pseudoaneurysms is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to complications such as arterial rupture, hemorrhage, and fulminant sepsis. Earlier diagnosis of mycotic pseudoaneurysm is essential for time management. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a widely used imaging modality for detecting the mycotic pseudoaneurysm, its characterization, and vascular mapping. MDCT findings of mycotic pseudoaneurysm are blind, saccular outpouching of an artery with irregular arterial wall, perivascular soft-tissue mass, or edema. Uncommon results of MDCT include arterial lumen thrombosis, arterial wall calcification, and perivascular gas. Management of mycotic pseudoaneurysm includes endovascular stenting with graft repair, endovascular embolization, open surgery, medical therapy (intravenous antibiotics), or a combination of these. We report three cases of mycotic pseudoaneurysm affecting aortic isthmus, a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and the internal mammary artery. All cases posed a diagnostic challenge, which only on subsequent imaging revealed to be a mycotic pseudoaneurysm.Non-traumatic subperiosteal orbital hematoma is a rare finding and uncommon cause of proptosis. Reported cases describe an association with increased venous pressure. However, it is important to note that there is also an association with sinusitis, which must be differentiated from subperiosteal abscess. This article describes the unique imaging features of subperiosteal hematoma in the setting of sinusitis, as well as the suspected pathophysiology.Tinnitus refers to auditory perception of internal origin. It is a relatively common problem and affects men and women equally. Clinically, it may be divided as pulsatile or non-pulsatile and subjective and objective. Although pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is less common, it is more likely to be associated with underlying vascular tumors, lesions or anomalies. Imaging forms the baseline for evaluation of objective tinnitus, primarily in the form of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. We present a review of common causes of PT, along with emphasis on key imaging findings.The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a paired, highly specialized, and heavily myelinated nerve bundle responsible for extraocular muscle movements, including the oculomotor reflex, saccadic eye movements an smooth pursuit, and the vestibular ocular reflex. Clinically, lesions of the MLF are classically associated with internuclear ophthalmoplegia. However, clinical manifestations of a lesion in the MLF may be more complex and variable. We provide an overview of the neuroanatomy, neurologic manifestations, and correlative examples of the imaging findings on brain MRI of MLF lesions to provide the clinician and radiologist with a more comprehensive understanding of the MLF and potential clinical manifestations for an MLF lesion.We describe a case of a 63-year-old woman referred to an oncologist for treatment of endometrial adenocarcinoma. A computed tomography scan revealed the incidental finding of a 11.5 × 10.5 × 9.0 cm myomatous mass in the uterine corpus adjacent to, yet uninvolved with, the adenocarcinoma. Histopathological analysis confirmed the mass to be a lipoleiomyoma, a rare single variant of lipoma. These fatty tumors present similar to leiomyomas and as such are generally not harmful; however, the potential exists for diagnostic confusion with other uterine tumors. This case serves to further illuminate the findings associated with these rare tumors.Craniotomy, or a surgical opening into the skull, has been observed as early as Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. Early craniotomies carried great morbidity and mortality and standardized during the 20th century, improving surgical outcomes. The simultaneous evolution of medical imaging and stereotactic navigation systems has allowed imaging to correlate findings with surgical approaches, further optimizing patient safety. We review the history of craniotomy and provide an imaging review of the most common craniotomy approaches.Limited published data exist regarding the association of atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute pancreatitis. To test our hypothesis that AF increases mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis, we conducted a cross-sectional data review of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The NIS database was reviewed for the collection of data on patient hospitalizations in 2016 and 2017. Patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis with and without concomitant AF were included in the analysis. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision coding system was used for the variables of interest. The Stata software program (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) was used to perform statistical analyses. The chi-squared test or analysis of variance was used to identify differences in demographic characteristics between the groups. The study population included two groups of patients those with acute pancreatitis only (n = 542,440) and those with both acute pancreatitis and AF (n = 32,790). The group with acute pancreatitis and AF had a two- to threefold higher rate of mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-3.28] and increased length of stay (adjusted OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.08-1.48). Also, significantly higher odds of sepsis (adjusted OR 2.49; 95% CI 2.06-3.01), congestive heart failure (adjusted OR 3.16; 95% CI 2.87-3.49), acute coronary syndrome (adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.17-2.21), stroke (adjusted OR 3.94; 95% CI 1.42-10.93), and acute kidney injury (adjusted OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.30-1.55) were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis and AF relative to in patients with acute pancreatitis only. Our results suggest AF increases mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis and that patients with acute pancreatitis and AF are at greater risk of worse clinical outcomes.A 42-year-old patient without structural heart disease was referred for catheter ablation of salvos of outflow tract ventricular tachycardia (VT). Activation mapping of the clinical VT (VT1) revealed the earliest ventricular activation site at the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Catheter ablation at this site led to a slight QRS shift of the VT morphology (VT2). Activation mapping of VT2 established the site of origin at the commissure between the right (RCC) and left (LCC) coronary cusps. This case is indicative of the presence of myocardial fibers displaying preferential conduction properties from the RCC-LCC commissure to a breakout site at the RVOT.The occurrence of patient longevity exceeding implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) service life has important implications for patient outcomes and the cost of care. Battery capacity as measured in ampere-hours (Ah) is a strong predictor of survival to an elective replacement indicator (ERI) point and 2.1 Ah is the largest-capacity ICD battery in use at our facility. This was a long-term study of ICDs out of service (OOS) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who received a 2.1-Ah cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). All 2.1-Ah CRT-D systems implanted (n = 418) from August 1, 2008 through August 31, 2016 were included in this retrospective chart review. The primary endpoint was device OOS due to the battery reaching an ERI point, patient death, infection/erosion, advisory/recall, heart transplant, or unspecified. The maximum follow-up period was 10.3 years, with a mean follow-up length of 4.7 years. The most common reason for device OOS was patient death (65.6%), with only 5.7% of devices reaching the ERI point during the study. There was a period of OOS acceleration driven numerically by patient death in the sixth to ninth years of follow-up. Male sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, elevated creatinine level, advanced age, and reduced ejection fraction were associated with OOS (p less then 0.05). mTOR inhibitor To our knowledge, this is the first study to report ICD battery life exceeding patient survival in a chronic heart failure cohort. During an accelerated time of CRT-D OOS (when it is expected that ~98% of 1.0-Ah and 1.4-Ah CRT-D systems reach an ERI point), patient death resulted in substantially more device OOS than battery replacement and avoided costs of complications and generator changes. These results help to explain the elevated risks of CRT-D generator changes in shorter-longevity devices.
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