Notes

A need for injury advised proper care curriculum: Experiences from Pakistan.
In this article, the roles of surface-active sites in dominating photoelectron selectivity for CO2 reduction products are well demonstrated over photocatalyst models of 100 SrTiO3 and 110 SrTiO3. On the easily exposed 100 facets terminated with Sr-O atoms, photoelectrons are of 8 mol % for CH4 and 92 mol % for CO generation. The Sr-O-Ti configuration in the 110 facets could enrich the surface charge density due to the lower interface resistance for higher photocatalytic efficiency (1.6-fold). The dual sites of Ti and adjacent Sr atoms are active for strong adsorption and activation of the generated CO* species from primary CO2 reduction on the surface, thus kinetically favoring the activity of photoelectrons (73 mol %) in hydrogenation for CH2* species and hence CH4 product. Inversely, the poor CH4 selectivity is due to difficulty in subsequent photoelectron reduction reaction by the weak adsorption of CO* at the single-Sr site on the 100 facets, independent of the electron and proton concentration. Our results may offer some illuminating insights into the design of a highly efficient photocatalyst for selective CO2 reduction.Natural products from plants, such as flavonoids, arouse immense interest in medicine because of the therapeutic and many other bioactive properties. The molecular docking is a very useful method to screen the molecules based on their free binding energies and give important structural suggestions about how molecules might activate or inhibit the target receptor by comparing reference molecules. Alliin and Allicin differ from many other flavonoids because of containing no benzene rings and having nitrogen and sulfur atoms in their structure. In this study Alliin and Allicin affinity on AMPA, NMDA and GABA-A receptors were evaluated in the central nervous system by using the molecular docking method. Both Alliin and Allicin indicated no inhibitory effects. However Alliin showed significant selectivity to human AMPA receptor (3RN8) as an excitatory. The binding energy of glutamate to 3RN8 was -6.61 kcal mol-1, while the binding energy of Allin was -8.08 kcal mol-1. Furthermore Alliin's affinity to the other AMPA and NMDA receptors is quite satisfactory compared to the reference molecule glutamate. In conclusion based on the molecular docking study, Alliin can be useful for synaptic plasticity studies whereas might be enhance seizure activity because of the increased permeability to cations. It also can be beneficial to improve learning and memory and can be used as a supportive product to the hypofunction of NMDA associated problems.Here, we report functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for the optical detection of arsenic at room temperature. GQDs with the fluorescence of three fundamental colors (red, green, and blue) were synthesized and functionally capped with L-cysteine (L-cys) to impart selectively towards As (III) by exploiting the affinity of L-cys towards arsenite. The optical characterization of GQDs was carried out using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrometry, and the structural characterizations were performed using transmission electron microscopy. The fluorescence results showed instantaneous quenching in intensity when the GQDs came in contact with As (III) for all test concentrations over a range from 0.025 to 25 ppb, which covers the permissible limit of arsenic in drinking water. The experimental results suggested excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards As (III).Over the past few years, metal nanowire networks have attracted attention as an alternative to transparent conducting oxide materials such as indium tin oxide for transparent conducting electrode applications. Recently, electrodeposition of metal on nanoscale template is widely used for formation of metal network. In the present work, junctionless Cu nanowire networks were simply fabricated on a substrate by forming a nanostructured Ru with 80 nm width as a seed layer, followed by direct electroless deposition of Cu. By controlling the density of Ru nanowires or the electroless deposition time, we readily achieve desired transmittance and sheet resistance values ranging from ∼1 kΩ sq-1at 99% to 9 Ω sq-1at 89%. After being transferred to flexible substrates, the nanowire networks exhibited no obvious increase in resistance during 8000 cycles of a bending test to a radius of 2.5 mm. The durability was verified by evaluation of its heating performance. The maximum temperature was greater than 180 °C at 3 V and remained constant after three repeated cycles and for 10 min. CX-5461 manufacturer Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the adhesion between the electrolessly deposited Cu and the seed Ru nanowires strongly influenced the durability of the core-shell structured nanowire-based heaters.Precise angle-resolved magnetoresistance (ARMR) and magnetization measurements have revealed (i) strong charge transport and magnetic anisotropy and (ii) emergence of a huge number of magnetic phases in the ground state of isotopicaly 11B-enriched single crystals of TmB12 antiferromagnetic (AF) metal with fcc crystal structure and dynamic charge stripes. We analyze for the first time the angular H-φ phase diagrams of AF state of Tm11B12 reconstructed from experimental ARMR and magnetization data arguing that the symmetry lowering leads to the appearance of several radial phase boundaries between different phases in the AF state. It is proposed that the suppression of the indirect Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) exchange along 〈110〉 directions between nearest neighboring magnetic moments of Tm3+ ions and subsequent redistribution of conduction electrons to quantum fluctuations of the electron density (dynamic stripes) are the main factors responsible for the anisotropy. Essential (more than 25 % at T = 2 K) anisotropy of the Neel field in the (110) plane was found in Tm11B12 unlike to isotropic AF-P boundary in the H-φ phase diagrams of Ho11B12. Magnetoresistance components are discussed in terms of charge carrier scattering on the spin density wave, itinerant ferromagnetic nano-domains and on-site Tm3+ spin fluctuations.The slow kinetic of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) hampers the practical application of energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries. Here, an efficient ORR electrocatalyst consists of Co, Ni co-decorated nitrogen-doped double shell hollow carbon cage (Ni-Co@NHC) was fabricated by pyrolyzing Ni-doped polydopamine wrapped ZIF-67. During the preparation, polydopamine served as a protective layer can effectively prevent the aggregation of Co and Ni nanoparticles during the pyrolysis process, and at the same time forming a carbon layer to grow a double layer carbon cage. This unique hollow structure endows the catalyst with a high specific surface area as well as more exposed active sites. Also benefited from the synergistic effect between Ni and Co nanoparticles, the Ni-Co@NHC catalyst leads to an outstanding ORR performance of half-wave potential (E1/2, 0.862 V), outperforms that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, when Ni-Co@NHC was used in the cathode for the zinc-air battery, the cell exhibits high power density (108 mW cm-2) and high specific capacity (806 mAh g-1) at 20 mA cm-2outperforming Pt/C. This work offers a promising design strategy for the development of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
The aim of this cohort study was to describe and analyze the surgical treatment and outcome of posterior fossa arachnoid cysts (PFACs) in infants.

Patients presenting with a PFAC at infancy or prenatally, between the years 2000 and 2019, and who were surgically treated before the age of 2 years, were included in this study. Patient data were retrospectively collected including baseline characteristics and surgical variables. Factors related to revision surgery were analyzed through uni- and multivariate analysis.

Thirty-five patients, of whom 54.3% were male, were included. The cyst was diagnosed prenatally in 23 patients (65.7%). Surgery was typically recommended after a mean cyst follow-up of 3.4 ± 3.9 months, with a mean age at surgery of 6.1 ± 5.1 months. In 54.3% of patients (n = 19), surgery was performed before the age of 6 months. The PFAC was treated purely neuroendoscopically in 57.1% of patients (n = 20), while 28.6% of patients underwent open cyst procedures (n = 10), 5.7% (n = 2) were treat option. Overall mortality or permanent morbidity was rare. Additional surgery was required in up to 30% of the patients; younger age and a preoperatively stable cyst might be risk factors for revision surgery.
To provide better postoperative healthcare for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who received deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery and to allow surgeons improved tracking of surgical outcomes, the authors sought to examine the applicability and feasibility of remote assessment using smartphones.

A disease management mobile application specifically for PD was used to perform the remote assessment of patients with PD who underwent DBS. Connection with patients was first established via a phone call or a social application, and instructions for completing the remote assessment were delivered. During the video-based virtual meeting, three nonmotor assessment scales measuring the quality of life and mental state, and a modified version of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part III (MDS-UPDRS III) measuring motor abilities were evaluated. After the assessment, a report and the satisfaction questionnaire were sent to the patient.

Overall, 22 linical visits and other telemedical technologies to collectively benefit the postoperative healthcare of patients with PD undergoing DBS.
Accurate clinical documentation is foundational to any quality improvement endeavor as it is ultimately the medical record that is measured in assessing change. Literature on high-yield interventions to improve the accuracy and completeness of clinical documentation by neurosurgical providers is limited. Therefore, the authors sought to share a single-institution experience of a two-part intervention to enhance clinical documentation by a neurosurgery inpatient service.

At an urban, level I trauma, academic teaching hospital, a two-part intervention was implemented to enhance the accuracy of clinical documentation of neurosurgery inpatients by residents and advanced practice providers (APPs). Residents and APPs were instructed on the most common neurosurgical complications or comorbidities (CCs) and major complications or comorbidities (MCCs), as defined by Medicare. Additionally, a "system-based" progress note template was changed to a "problem-based" progress note template. Prepost analysis was performed to compare the CC/MCC capture rates for the 12 months prior to the intervention with those for the 3 months after the intervention.

The CC/MCC capture rate for the neurosurgery service line rose from 62% in the 12 months preintervention to 74% in the 3 months after intervention, representing a significant change (p = 0.00002).

Existing clinical documentation habits by neurosurgical residents and APPs may fail to capture the extent of neurosurgical inpatients with CC/MCCs. An intervention that focuses on the most common CC/MCCs and utilizes a problem-based progress note template may lead to more accurate appraisals of neurosurgical patient acuity.
Existing clinical documentation habits by neurosurgical residents and APPs may fail to capture the extent of neurosurgical inpatients with CC/MCCs. An intervention that focuses on the most common CC/MCCs and utilizes a problem-based progress note template may lead to more accurate appraisals of neurosurgical patient acuity.
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