Notes

[Autonomic central nervous system as well as response syncope].
Favolus is a monophyletic genus of polypores that causes white rot of various woody plants. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is ecologically and economically important. Several taxa have been described or reported from the Neotropics, and F. brasiliensis, described originally from Brazil, is the type species for the genus. Based on molecular investigations, F. brasiliensis is now known to represent a species complex. The species is morphologically and phylogenetically circumscribed and epitypified here, and F. rugulosus is proposed as a new related species. Favolus grammocephalus and Polyporus philippinensis, initially described from Asia, have also recently been recorded from the Neotropics, so these taxa were included in this investigation employing morphological and multigene (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding regions) phylogenetic analyses. These latter two species do not occur in the Neotropics, but the misapplied names actually represent three new species F. pseudogrammocephalus, F. radiatifibrillosus, and F. yanomami. Nine species of Favolus are documented now for the Neotropics. Detailed descriptions of F. brasiliensis and all new taxa are provided, along with comments, illustrations, a map of potential distribution, and a key for neotropical species of Favolus.EXs (Exosomes) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to treat spinal cord injury (SCI), this study aimed to further explore the therapeutic effect of EXs on SCI. Firstly, EXs were extracted from MSCs and analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. Next, MSCs with or without the miR-145-5p plasmid were injected into the SCI rat model, and then rat damage was evaluated by BBB score, HE staining and Nissl staining. selleck inhibitor And then Luciferase experiment verified the targeting relationship between miR-145-5p and TLR4. Furthermore, LPS-induced PC12 cells were established and incubated with Dil-labeled MSC-EXs to explore their effects on cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation through MTT, flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. In addition, expressions of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway related factors were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that after MSCs were successfully isolated, the existence of EXs in MSCs was confirmed. Moreover, MSC-EXs containing miR-145-5p improved functional recovery and reduced histopathological injury and inflammation in SCI rats. And MSC-EXs promoted miR-145-5p expression in spinal cord tissue and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation in SCI rats. MSC-EXs inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response and activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in PC12 cells. In addition, we also found that miR-145-5p specifically targeted TLR4. TLR4 overexpression significantly reversed the effect of EX-miR-145-5p on maintaining PC12 cell viability, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory response, and activating TLR4/NF- κB pathway. In conclusion, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EXs containing miR-145-5p reduce inflammation in spinal cord injury by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Research suggests that readers identify more with a competent protagonist who acts to prevent diabetes than with a less competent protagonist whose inaction leads to disease. We sought a better understanding of the mediators of this protagonist competence effect. Middle-aged women (45-55) read a prevention narrative depicting a protagonist at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) who prevents diabetes through lifestyle changes or an affliction narrative in which protagonist inaction leads to disease (N = 315). The prevention narrative elicited more identification than the affliction narrative for participants at low risk of T2D, but less identification for higher risk participants. Identification's impact on intentions to adopt self-protective behaviors was partially mediated by self-referencing. Protagonist competence did not affect transportation, but transportation had a direct effect on behavioral intentions and an indirect effect on intentions mediated by self-referencing. Fear arousal predicted behavioral intentions and was highest among those who read the affliction narrative and rated self as at risk for T2D. Protagonist competence had an indirect effect on intentions mediated by attributions of trustworthiness in response to the affliction narrative. This study contributes to our understanding of how narratives work and underscores the importance of tailoring narratives to the risk profile of individuals.The aim of the study was to verify the effect of bioaugmentation by the bacterial consortium YS with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) in a soil slurry. The bacterial consortium YS was enriched from a petroleum-polluted soil using pyrene as sole carbon resource. After 3 weeks, the degradation rate of phenanthrene in CK increased from 22.58% to 55.23 and 78.21% in bioaugmentation (B) and HPCD + bioaugmentation (MB) respectively. The degradation rate of pyrene in CK increased from 17.33% to 51.10% and 60.32% in B and MB respectively in the slurry. The augmented YS persisted in the slurry as monitored by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and outcompeted some indigenous bacteria. Enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation was observed in the addition of HPCD due to the enhanced bioavailability of phenanthrene and pyrene. Additionally, the amount of PAH-degrading bacteria and enzymatic activity in bioaugmentation with HPCD were higher than that in the CK group. The results indicated that bioaugmentation with a bacterial consortium and HPCD is an environmentally friendly method for the bioremediation of PAH-polluted soil.Human service non-profit organisations (HSNPs) looking to improve the representation of clients in the work of their organisation may decide to hire people with lived experience as peer providers. This paper looks at how HSNPs that provide services to sex workers make decisions about hiring those with lived experience of sex work as staff. To address the issue, the following questions were asked 1) how do HSNPs make the decision to hire sex workers as staff members; and 2) if hired, how are individuals actually involved in the organisation? The study aimed to answer these questions using open-ended interviews with 64 staff in HSNPs in the US Midwest that indirectly or directly provide services to sex workers. Findings indicate that while many organisations hire individuals with lived experience in sex work, the expectations placed on these individuals vary considerably depending on the perceptions other HSNP staff have about sex work. When HSNPs hire individuals with lived experience to further their organisational agendas with respect to sex work, they should include sex workers in a substantive and inclusive way to minimise organisational bias and ensure sex worker views are accurately represented.
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