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Ischemia heart disease is the leading cause of death world-widely and has increased prevalence and exacerbated myocardial infarction with aging. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible protein, declines with aging in the heart and the rescue of Sestrin2 in the aged mouse heart improves the resistance to ischemic insults caused by ischemia and reperfusion. Here, through a combination of transcriptomic, physiological, histological, and biochemical strategies, we found that Sestrin2 deficiency shows an aged-like phenotype in the heart with excessive oxidative stress, provoked immune response, and defected myocardium structure under physiological condition. While challenged with ischemia and reperfusion stress, the transcriptomic alterations in Sestrin2 knockout mouse heart resembled aged wild type mouse heart. It suggests that Sestrin2 is an age-related gene in the heart against ischemia reperfusion stress. Sestrin2 plays a crucial role in modulating inflammatory response through maintaining the intracellular redox homeostasis in the heart under ischemia reperfusion stress condition. Together, the results indicate that Sestrin2 is a potential target for treatment of age-related ischemic heart disease.Objective Evaluate change in functional performance from 1- to 5-years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods 59 participants (38 men) aged 29 ± 16 years completed three hops and one-leg rise 1- and 5-years following ACLR. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated differences in change between the ACLR and contralateral limbs. Participants were classified with stable, improving or worsening function relative to previously published minimal detectable change thresholds. Healthy controls completed the three hops (n = 41) and one-leg rise (n = 31) as reference data. Results The contralateral limb had a significantly greater decrease in functional performance between 1- and 5-years for the three hops, compared to the ACLR limb. Worsening was more common in the contralateral limb than the ACLR limb; resulting in significant improvements in the LSI for the single hop (mean 87% at 1-year to 95% at 5-years), side hop (77%to 86%) and one-leg rise (76% to85%). Performance of both ACLR and contralateral limbs and the LSI remained below the healthy controls. Conclusion Functional performance changes differ between limbs between 1- and 5-years post-ACLR. The LSI should not be used in isolation to evaluate functional performance changes after ACLR, as it may overestimate functional improvement, due to worsening contralateral limb function.Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by impaired social interaction and communication as well as restricted and repetitive interests and behavior. Increasing evidence points to an early-stage disruption of brain development. A human-induced pluripotent stem cell line (SDUKIi002-A) was created from skin fibroblasts from a 22-year old autistic male identified in the "FYNEN-cohort" of Southern Denmark. Reprogramming of the fibroblasts was performed using integration-free episomal plasmids. Further characterization confirmed the expression of pluripotency markers, differentiation into the three germ layers, absence of chromosomal abnormalities, and mycoplasma infection.Triarylmethyl (TAM) radicals are probes well suited to study microenvironment parameters using pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) due to their long relaxation times. Here, we are reporting the study of relaxation properties of monophosphonated TAM radicals in the presence of chemical exchange processes. The dependence of Hahn and inversion recovery echo on the solution pH and the chemical exchange rate are discussed. The modulation of Hahn echo intensity in solutions due to chemical exchange is observed in pulse EPR experiments. An analysis of the Hahn echo intensity decay allows for the quantitative determination of the chemical exchange rate and solution pH value.Aims During the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, co-circulation of other common respiratory viruses can potentially result in co-infections; however, reported rates of co-infections for SARS-CoV-2 vary. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of all community acquired viral respiratory infections requiring hospitalization during an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, with a focus on co-infection rates and clinical outcomes. Methods Over a 10-week period, all admissions to our institution, the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore, were screened for respiratory symptoms, and COVID-19 as well as a panel of common respiratory viral pathogens were systematically tested for. Information was collated on clinical outcomes, including requirement for mechanical ventilation and in hospital mortality. Results One-fifth (19.3%, 736/3807) of hospitalized inpatients with respiratory symptoms had a PCR-proven viral respiratory infection; of which 58.5% (431/736) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 42.2% (311/736) tested positive for other common respiratory viruses. The rate of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 was 1.4% (6/431); all patients with co-infection had mild disease and stayed in communal settings. The in-hospital mortality rate and proportion of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive ventilation was low, at around 1% of patients; these rates were lower than patients with other community-acquired respiratory viruses admitted over the same period (p less then 0.01). Conclusion Even amidst an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, common respiratory viruses still accounted for a substantial proportion of hospitalizations. Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 were rare, with no observed increase in morbidity or mortality.Exposing to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been identified as one of the major contributing factors to poor mental health and suicide in adolescents. However, little is known about this relationship in Vietnamese adolescents. Almonertinib inhibitor This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ACEs on depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought among Vietnamese adolescents across different areas in Vietnam. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 4957 secondary school and high school students aged 13-20 in urban area, rural area, border area and mountainous area. The students were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire which included the Center for Epidemiological studies - Depression, the Kessler-10 and ACE questionnaire from the WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Suicidal thought was evaluated by a single question from the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Among 4720 students included in the analysis, 54.4% were female. The prevalence of depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought was 22.9%, 30.6% and 10.9% respectively. About 86% of participants experienced at least one type of ACEs and nearly 56% reported multiple types of ACEs. Students with four or more types of ACEs had 6.98 (95% CI 5.09 -9.56), 4.72 (95 % CI 3.58-6.23) and 6.43 (95 % CI 4.45-9.30) times higher in odds of having depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought respectively. In conclusion, ACEs are common in Vietnamese adolescents and are strongly associated with depression, psychological distress and suicidal thought. Our finding indicates urgent needs for interventions targeting both ACEs and depression, psychological distress in Vietnamese adolescents.Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) is a chemically reactive thioester that has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. So far, its presence has been documented in human and mouse plasma and urine. Here, using a new method, we show that HTL is present in human saliva. The assay involves chloroform-methanol extraction of HTL, lyophilization, and derivatization with N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) and trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The method is based on a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantifies HTL in a linear range from 0.05 to 1 µmol L-1 saliva and urine. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 µmol L-1. With respect to saliva specimen, the accuracy was 98.7-112.6%, and 90.2-100.5%, while the precision was 7.1-13.5% and 12.5-15.0% for the intra- and inter-day variation, respectively. In relation to urine samples, the accuracy was 91.9-110.9% and 91.2-103.3%, while the precision varied from 2.2% to 14.5% and 7.4% to 14.3% for intra- and inter-day measurements, respectively. Using this method, we show that in apparently healthy individuals (n = 18), HTL levels in saliva are not positively correlated with urinary HTL levels. Undoubtedly, larger population should be investigated to get more meaningful results.Since cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are drugs of abuse used alone and concurrently worldwide, it is important to analyze them simultaneously. However, there are no reports of analytical method for the simultaneous extraction of these compounds and metabolites in hair samples of suspected drug abusers, due to the different chemical properties of acidic and lipophilic cannabinoids, and basic and hydrophilic ATS. We developed a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the quantification of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), THC metabolites such as 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and THC-COOH-glucuronide (THC-COOH-glu), and six ATS of amphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine, methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in the least amounts of human hair samples. The pulverized hair samples (10 mg) were extracted with 1 mL of 0.5% formic acid in methanol three times, and the supernatants were evaporated in a stream of nitrogen gas. The residue was dissolved and the aliquot was analyzed by LC-HRMS using positive electrospray ionization and the parallel reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantitation were 0.1 pg mg-1 for THC-COOH and THC-COOH-glu, 4 pg mg-1 for CBD, CBN, and THC, and 10 pg mg-1 for the six ATS. Linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, and post-preparation stability for the 11 analytes were fully validated. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of 11 analytes in hair samples of 10 suspected drug abusers.Terpenes and terpenoids are dominant fragrances in the essential oils of many economically important fruits and vegetables. Hence, content and variation are important factors in the evaluation and common perception of food quality. Sabinene, β-pinene, α-thujone and β-thujone are examples of such compounds found in the different species of Sage. Sabinene and β-pinene are spicy compounds much used by the fragrance industry while the two thujones are highly toxic. Here, we report a rapid method for quantification of these compounds in the essential oil of Sage. The total analytical time is approx. 7,5 min in contrast to approx. 30 min for similar gas chromatographic methods. The analytical method had a linear range of 28-342 mg L-1 for the different compounds, with an analytical precision of 0,6-0,9% for standards. Correlation coefficients were 0,9993-1,0000. The Limit of Detection of all compounds were 0,02-0,9 mg L-1 and the Limit of Quantification were 0,08-3,0 mg L-1. The technique was used for quantification of the compounds in seven commercial essential Sage oils and in a pilot study of the effect of ozone on the terpenes and terpenoids in fresh Sage leaves.
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