Notes

Perturbing HIV-1 ribosomal frameshifting rate of recurrence shows any cis preference regarding Gag-Pol use in to building virions.
A new nemertean species of the genus Cephalothrix from intertidal calcareous red algae off the Vietnam coast is described based on histological sections, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and nucleotide sequences of three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3) and two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) DNA fragments. Cephalothrix suni sp. nov. is characterized by a unique body colour pattern consisting of transverse brown on ventral body side. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Cephalotrichidae using a multigene approach has identified three clades for Cephalothrix Cephalothrix, Procephalothrix, and interstitial cephalotrichids. The new species belongs to clade Procephalothrix sensu Chernyshev Kajihara 2019 and a subclade of species with red, orange, or dark yellow anterior tip.Oxynoemacheilus shehabi, new species, is described from the upper Orontes in southern Syria. It is distinguished from other Oxynoemacheilus species in the Levant by possession of a complete lateral line, a deeply emarginate caudal fin, a narrow caudal peduncle, a suborbital groove in male individuals, a well-developed pelvic axillary lobe, and 5-7 dark-brown bars on the flank. Molecular data suggest that the new species is characterised by a minimum K2P distance of 3.8% to O. "seyhanicola" in the COI mtDNA barcode region.We report the first record of Branchipodopsis affinis Sars, 1901 (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Iran. The specimens were collected in small temporary pools in the Bazargan area located in West Azerbaijan province, in spring 2015. Details on the biogeography, ecology and morphology of this species are provided. The DNA sequence data (COI) for this species is reported for the first time, which can be used in the identification of species on molecular terms and generation of information regarding the evolutionary relationship of the species in future. Also, the new finding is an important contribution to the knowledge of the anostracan fauna from Iran.We describe two new Kukri snakes of the genus Oligodon from the Nakhon Si Thammarat Mountain Range, southern peninsular Thailand. Oligodon phangan sp. nov., endemic to Pha-Ngan Island, Surat Thani Province, is characterized by a maximal known SVL of 369.1 mm; 12 maxillary teeth, the posterior three enlarged; 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 163-166 ventrals; 33-42 divided subcaudals; a single anal; dorsal color brown with a pair of discreet paravertebral and lateral stripes; no dorsal or supracaudal bands, blotches or crossbars; background color of belly pinkish-orange; underside of tail immaculate. Oligodon promsombuti sp. nov., whose type-locality is Khao Phanom Wang, Surat Thani Province, is also found in Trang Province, and is characterized by a maximal known SVL of 552.7 mm; 12 maxillary teeth, the posterior three enlarged; 17-17-15 dorsal scale rows; 177 ventrals; 40 divided subcaudals; a single anal; deeply forked hemipenes lacking spines; dorsal color blackish brown with nearly indistinct paravertebral stripes; no dorsal or supracaudal blotches or crossbars; background color of belly ivory, heavily speckled with subrectangular blackish blotches. We tentatively allocate both new species to the informal Oligodon-cyclurus-group. They are the 5th and 6th Oligodon species endemic to Thailand. We add Oligodon ocellatus, so far known only from Cambodia, southern Laos and southern Vietnam, to the Thai fauna, based on a specimen from Chong Mek, Ubon Ratchathani Province.Merostenus exiguous Zayas, 1975 (currently, Caribbomerus exiguus) is transferred to Perigracilia Linsley, 1942. Information on the type series of M. exiguous is provided, and a lectotype is designated to the species. Two new species of Caribbomerus are described from Cuba C. elieri, and C. zayasi.Two new deep-sea species of the genus Laonice belonging to the subgenera Sarsiana and Appelloefia respectively, are described from the Mediterranean Sea. Complete specimens of the subgenus Appelloefia were studied for the first time, and the new information collected raised questions on the boundaries between the subgenera Appelloefia and Norgensia. The presence of characters in L. barcinensis sp. nov. previously considered to be exclusive to each these two subgenera suggests that they should be regarded as synonymous. The name Appelloefia being given precedence here, according to the Principle of the First Reviser. A correction is made regarding the depth range of Laonice rasmusseni Sikorski Pavlova, 2018.Stempellinella gilkai sp. nov., an Eocene non-biting midge of the subfamily Chironominae, tribe Tanytarsini is described on the basis of the adult male. This is the sixth fossil representative of the genus and the fifth described from Baltic amber (~40-45 Ma). The species displays a set of morphological characters typical of the genus. To facilitate a delimitation of fossil Stempellinella, a comparison of the most significant characters is provided. The key features of antenna and hypopygium are discussed in detail. A comparative analysis of both extinct and extant Stempellinella representatives allowed to perform an amendment of the current generic diagnosis. Notes on the genus' palaeoecology and species richness during the Eocene are also included.Indian species in the wolf spider genus Arctosa C.L. Koch, 1847 are revised based on the type material deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, and Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Arctosa tappaensis Gajbe, 2004 is proposed as a junior synonym of Arctosa himalayensis Tikader Malhotra, 1980. Arctosa quinquedens Dhali, Roy, Sen, Saha Raychaudhuri, 2012 is provisionally transferred to Ovia Sankaran, Malamel Sebastian, 2017 and Arctosa mulani (Dyal, 1935) is considered as species inquirenda. Digital images of all the examined type material are presented and supplementary descriptions for A. https://www.selleckchem.com/ himalayensis, Arctosa indica Tikader Malhotra, 1980 and Arctosa khudiensis (Sinha, 1951) are provided.The genus Cryncus Gorochov, 1983 composed of African crickets is reported for the first time in Cameroon by the description of two new species collected at Zamakoe, Ongot and Engout'Adjap in the southern Cameroonian plateau during an inventory study of crickets carried out from March 2014 to September 2015. These new species are Cryncus camerounensis Um Nyobe, Kekeunou Bilong Bilong sp. nov. and Cryncus desutterae Um Nyobe, Kekeunou Ma sp. nov. These descriptions bring the total number of species of this genus to 25. Cryncus camerounensis is distinguished by an irregularly shaped mirror, without a dividing vein, with a short apical field, while Cryncus desutterae is characterized by a divided oval mirror and a long apical field. Cryncus camerounensis was more abundant in the forest environment while Cryncus desutterae would exclusively colonize fallow land. This article is divided into two parts. The first part presents a description of the two new species, followed by a revised diagnosis of the genus Cryncus using both male and female characters and an identification key. The second part presents some bioecological data of these new species and a map of the geographical distribution of all known species of this genus.Ten new species of the genus Stathmopoda are described S. basirotata sp. nov., S. bicoloriptera sp. nov., S. bucera sp. nov., S. hamulata sp. nov., S. ochricolorata sp. nov., S. octacantha sp. nov., S. pyriformis sp. nov., S. rhombica sp. nov., S. tetracantha sp. nov. and S. tristriata sp. nov. link2 Also, three species S. citrinella Sinev, 1995, S. orbiculata Meyrick, 1913 and S. tecticochlea Terada, 2016 are newly recorded for China. Images of both adults and genitalia for the species are provided, along with a map showing the distribution of them in China.The knowledge on the diversity of the genus Patrera Simon in Colombia is widely expanded. P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. armata (Chickering, 1940) are redescribed and their females are described for the first time and recorded from Cundinamarca and Meta departments, respectively. Aysha strandi (Caporiacco, 1947) is synonymized with P. armata. Three species groups in the genus Patrera are proposed to include the bulk of its species (fulvastra, florezi, and philipi). These groups are diagnosed based on sexual characters. Twenty-five new species are herein described, illustrated and mapped P. anchicaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. barbacoas n. sp. (♂); P. borjai n. sp. (♂♀); P. danielae n. sp. (♂♀); P. dimar n. sp. (♂♀); P. perafani n. sp. (♂♀); P. platnicki n. sp. (♂); P. quillacinga n. sp. (♂♀), and P. ramirezi n. sp. (♂♀) into the fulvastra species group. P. bonaldoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. boteroi n. sp. (♂); P. carvalhoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. florezi n. sp. (♂♀); P. perijaensis n. sp. (♀); P. quimbaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. sampedroi n. sp. (♂); P. yukpa n. sp. (♂♀), and P. wiwa n. sp. (♂♀) in florezi species group. P. sutu n. sp. (♂); P. chucurui n. link3 sp. (♂♀); P. dawkinsi n. sp. (♂); P. dentata n. sp. (♂); P. dracula n. sp. (♂); P. kuryi n. sp. (♂♀), and P. longitibialis n. sp. (♂) in philipi species group. We also briefly discuss some aspects of the species groups' genital morphology, based on a comparison with the type, P. fulvastra Simon. Additionally, distribution maps for all Colombian species including new records for P. armata (Chickering, 1940), P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. suni Dupérré Tapia, 2016 from Cundinamarca, Meta and Nariño departments are also herein included.Chigger mites (Acariformes Trombiculidae) of Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines have been revised based on reference data and examination of type materials in European collections of chiggers. For 450 species of 49 genera synonymy, collection data on types, lists of known host species and lists of countries are given. The lists of hosts include in total 649 valid species and subspecies of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods. Two new synonyms were established Doloisia (Doloisia) Oudemans, 1910 (= Doloisia (Trisetoisia) Vercammen-Grandjean, 1968, syn. nov.) and Gahrliepia lui Chen and Hsu, 1955 (= Gahrliepia (Gateria) octosetosa Chen, Hsu and Wang, 1956, syn. nov.). Twenty-seven new combinations were proposed Walchia (Ripiaspichia) biliranensis (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., Walchia (Ripiaspichia) huberti (Upham and Nadchatram, 1968), comb. nov., Walchia (Ripiaspichia) parmulaseta (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., andeeneni (Hadi and Carney, 1977), comb. nov., and Trombiculindus yooni (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., transferred from Leptotrombidium.The species of the cosmopolitan sponge genus Mycale occurring in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region and adjacent subtropical waters are reviewed taxonomically. Specimens incorporated in the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center form the basis of this comprehensive study, supplemented by (type) specimens borrowed from or examined in other institutions. Specimens available numbered 351, belonging to 44 species, including 14 species new to science, Mycale (Aegogropila) prognatha sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) amiri sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) fungiaphila sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) monomicrosclera sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) tubiporicola sp.nov., Mycale (Carmia) tydemani sp.nov., Mycale (Mycale) asigmata sp.nov., Mycale (Mycale) grandoides sp.nov., Mycale (Mycale) sundaminorensis sp.nov., Mycale (Naviculina) mascarenensis sp.nov., Mycale (Paresperella) sceptroides sp.nov., Mycale (Paresperella) seychellensis sp.nov., Mycale (Zygomycale) sibogae sp.nov. Three species, indicated by the designation 'aff.
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