Notes

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Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used for the fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns.

This study was conducted to compare PFM crowns through triple scanning in terms of marginal discrepancy between the CAD/CAM and lost-wax fabrication techniques.

Twenty uniform resin dies of a prepared maxillary first molar were randomly divided into 2 groups conventional lost-wax; and milling. Marginal discrepancy was evaluated at the framework and porcelain steps through triple scanning and direct visualization under a stereomicroscope. Then, the crowns were cemented to the related die and the marginal gap was measured with triple scanning, direct visualization under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was analyzed using the independent t test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05.

Differences in the mean marginal gap were measured by the various evaluation methods. Triple scanning and stereomicroscopy identified increasing discrepancy during the fabrication process. Artenimol nmr According to the results of the independent t test, stereomicroscopy showed no difference after cementation between the CAD/CAM and lost-wax groups (p > 0.05), triple scanning showed higher fitness in the CAD/CAM group (p < 0.05), and SEM showed better adaptation in the lost-wax group (p < 0.05); however, there was a positive correlation between the findings of stereomicroscopy and SEM (p < 0.05).

The cobalt-chromium crowns had clinically acceptable marginal fitness from both the CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques; however, the lost-wax group showed lower marginal discrepancy after cementation according to SEM.
The cobalt-chromium crowns had clinically acceptable marginal fitness from both the CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques; however, the lost-wax group showed lower marginal discrepancy after cementation according to SEM.
Root canal disinfection includes mechanical, chemical and biological struggle against microorganisms (MOs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanoparticle (NP) agents may be proposed as an alternative for use against intracanal infections due to their ability to disrupt biofilm and prevent bacterial adhesion to dentin. The use of NP agents in combination with light/photosensitizer (PS) agents increases the efficiency of PDT in root canal disinfection.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of light application - PDT - on the antibacterial activity of the combination of a PS agent (toluidine blue O -TBO) and an NP agent (silver nanoparticles - AgNPs) for the disinfection of the root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).

In this study, concentrations of 20 ppm of TBO and 10 ppm of AgNPs, which showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in the TBO/AgNPs combination, were used according to the preliminary studies. After instrumentation, 120 human, single-rootedT, and it has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.
The photoactivation of the TBO/AgNPs combination led to an increase in the effect of PDT, and it has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.
The application of local drugs as adjunctive periodontal treatment is a topic of rapidly increasing interest. Consequently, new discoveries are arising, a noteworthy portion of which employ hydrogels as delivery systems due to their high biocompatibility with and similarity to human tissues. In the search for new therapeutic agents capable of aiding periodontal treatment, authors became interested in a unique concept investigated by very few in vitro or in vivo studies concerning the local application of insulin. These studies concluded that insulin promotes the recovery and regeneration of damaged soft and bone tissues.

The aim of the study was an endeavor to design a linear hydrogel that is injectable into periodontal pockets, and is able to carry a small insulin load through physical bonds and provide sustained release.

The chitosan hydrogel as well as blends of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared and characterized in terms of the hydrogel
The composition of the hydrogel, the component ratio and the amount of loaded insulin were found to affect the release profile. A linear hydrogel of copolymerized PVP, PVA and CaCl2.2H2O can serve as a local vehicle for the sustained delivery of insulin inside periodontal pockets.
Rectal indomethacin and pancreatic duct stenting (PDS) are recommended for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). However, the effects of the combination of the two methods on preventing PEP are controversial. We hypothesized that some group of difficult patients might benefit from the combination of indomethacin plus PDS (IP) compared with indomethacin alone (IN).

Patients with native papilla who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in eight tertiary hospitals were screened. They were enrolled if the cannulation proved difficult and post-procedure indomethacin was administered. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between IP and IN groups. The primary outcome was PEP.

Among 4456 patients with available cannulation-related data, 1889 (42.4%) patients had difficult cannulation and received indomethacin. After PSM, both IP and IN groups included 332 patients. PEP was comparable between the two groups (12.7% vs 10.2%, P=0.329). By subgroup analysis, the PEP rate was found to be lower in the IP group than in the IN group (7.3% vs 18.2%, P=0.026) in patients undergoing double-guidewire technique (DGT). The results of an additional analysis using PSM in DGT patients were consistent with the subgroup analysis results (7.8% vs 19.4%, P=0.036).

The current study indicated that the combined prevention of PEP with indomethacin plus PDS was useful in PEP prevention in patients undergoing DGT. Other groups of patients with difficult cannulation may not benefit from the combination strategy.
The current study indicated that the combined prevention of PEP with indomethacin plus PDS was useful in PEP prevention in patients undergoing DGT. Other groups of patients with difficult cannulation may not benefit from the combination strategy.
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