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Endometrial Cancers: innate, metabolism features, restorative techniques along with nanomedicine.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for several cancer types and an altered phenotype and functionality of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to investigate the association of overweight and obesity with NK cell functions and receptor expression profiles in humans. Therefore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from normal weight, overweight, and obese healthy blood donors. In depth analysis of immune cell populations and 23 different surface markers, including NK cell receptors, NK-cell-related markers as well as functional intracellular markers on total NK cells and NK subgroups were performed by multicolor flow cytometry. The data revealed a decreased expression of the activating NK cell receptors KIR2DS4 and NKp46 as well as an increased expression of the inhibitory NK cell receptors NKG2A and Siglec-7 in overweight and obese compared to normal weight individuals. Additionally, the expression of the adhesion molecule CD62L and the maturation and differentiation marker CD27 was downregulated in NK cells of overweight and obese subjects. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of NK cells against colorectal cancer cells was decreased in overweight and obese subjects. Investigations on underlying killing mechanisms demonstrated a reduced TRAIL expression on NK cells of obese subjects suggesting an impaired death receptor pathway in obesity. The present study gives new insights into an impaired functionality and phenotype of NK cells and NK cell subsets in overweight and obesity. These phenotypic alterations and dysfunction of NK cells might be an explanation for the increased cancer risk in obesity.Objective To demonstrate the association between pre-pregnancy maternal overweight, obesity, and perinatal outcomes of singletons conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART). Design Retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2015 data from a single ART center. Setting Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Northwestern China. Patients We included 7,818 women undergoing ART and their singleton infants. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcome measures were preterm birth (PTB), macrosomia, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age (LGA). Results We experienced an increase in the risk of PTB, macrosomia, and LGA in overweight and obese groups compared with that in normal-weight groups [PTB overweight vs. normal weight odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% CI 1.18-1.75; obesity vs. normal weight OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.04-2.25; macrosomia overweight vs. normal weight OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.48-2.14; obesity vs. normal weight OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.52-3.06; LGA overweight vs. normal weight OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.39-1.90; obesity vs. normal weight OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.57-2.83]. We observed a significant interaction between maternal BMI and fresh/frozen embryo transfer on PTB and LGA (P = 0.030; P = 0.030). Fresh embryo transfer significantly increased the effect of maternal BMI on LGA (fresh OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18; frozen OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13), and frozen embryo transfer increased the effect of maternal BMI on PTB (fresh OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.99-1.08; frozen OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.15). buy TEW-7197 Conclusions Pre-pregnancy maternal overweight and obesity were associated with higher risks of PTB, macrosomia, and LGA in ART-conceived singletons. These associations were affected by the timing of embryo transfer (fresh/frozen embryo transfer). Therefore, we recommend women before ART to maintain a normal BMI for the prevention of adverse perinatal outcomes.Background Children with physical health long-term conditions (LTCs) have increased risk of mental health difficulties relative to healthy peers. However, availability of psychological support integrated into pediatric physical health settings is limited, and there are long waiting times for access to child mental health services. Arts-based therapies involve using creative media to develop a therapeutic relationship, and offer a potential alternative to talking-based therapies. The aim of this systematic review is to establish the effectiveness of arts-based therapies for improving the mental health of children with physical health LTCs. Methods The review protocol was published on PROSPERO. Four electronic databases were searched (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and PsycINFO), plus hand searches of two key journals and relevant reviews, and forward/back citations searches of selected articles were conducted. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess bias in selected articles. Second reviewers completed 10% of article screening and 20% of bias assessments. The findings were synthesized narratively. Results Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria and demonstrated some improvements on indicators of mental health and well-being including quality of life, coping behaviors, anxiety, self-concept, and mood. However, replication across interventions and outcomes was absent. Overall, the quality of evidence of effectiveness in the studies reviewed was moderate/weak. This was due to bias in study design; other limitations included a lack of detail on intervention components, e.g., use of a manual, and single recruitment sites. Conclusions The heterogeneity of existing research evaluating arts-based therapies for children with physical health LTCs limits conclusions about effectiveness. Suggestions are made to inform the design of future research studies to help build a robust evidence base.What are the key ingredients that make some persuasive messages resonate with audiences and elicit action, while others fail? Billions of dollars per year are put towards changing human behavior, but it is difficult to know which messages will be the most persuasive in the field. By combining novel neuroimaging techniques and large-scale online data, we examine the role of key health communication variables relevant to motivating action at scale. We exposed a sample of smokers to anti-smoking web-banner messages from a real-world campaign while measuring message-evoked brain response patterns via fMRI, and we also obtained subjective evaluations of each banner. Neural indices were derived based on (i) message-evoked activity in specific brain regions; and (ii) spatially distributed response patterns, both selected based on prior research and theoretical considerations. Next, we connected the neural and subjective data with an independent, objective outcome of message success, which is the per-banner click-through rate in the real-world campaign.
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