Notes

Automated detection of common cancer in smartphone-based images utilizing deep understanding for first analysis.
Emotions can be dangerous companions in road traffic for vehicle drivers and cyclists in particular. It is therefore important to reliably assess emotions like anger in road traffic. The first objective of the present paper is to examine whether the cycling anger scale (CAS) can be used to assess Singaporean Cyclists' anger experiences in traffic. In addition, it relates the cycling anger measure to similar constructs like driving anger (DAS), and the cyclists' experiences of trait anger in general in order to further examine the validity of the CAS scale.

In an online survey, we distributed the English versions of the Cycling Anger Scale (CAS), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the Trait Anger Scale (TAS) to a sample of 116 cyclists from Singapore. We then analyzed the psychometric properties of the CAS. In addition, we correlated cyclists' CAS ratings with their DAS ratings, TAS ratings, and demographic variables. Finally, we compared cycling anger ratings across cultures.

With respect to the first ofrom Singapore. Researchers and practitioners who are interested in safer cycling can apply the CAS in Singapore. In line with other studies, we also conclude that cycling anger experience is related to driving anger experience and general trait anger. However, cycling anger does not seem to be related to self-reported aggressive cycling.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cannabis, alcohol and other drug use in drivers of motor vehicles who died in crashes in the Canadian province of Ontario from January 2016 through December 2018 along with the characteristics of these drivers and some of the circumstances of the crash in which they were involved.

Toxicological tests were performed on blood samples obtained from 921 driver fatalities for whom postmortem blood samples were submitted to the Center of Forensic Sciences for analysis. The results were coded into a database along with basic demographic and crash characteristics and examined for prominent characteristics and patterns.

Overall, among the 921 cases examined, 495 (53.7%) tested positive for alcohol, cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol or THC), or another psychoactive drug. The number of cases that tested positive for THC (251) exceeded the number of cases that tested positive for alcohol (241) as well as the number that tested positive for a drug other than ey element in efforts to reduce the impact of drug use by drivers on road safety.
The present study highlights the use of cannabis and other drugs by drivers. The patterns of crashes and the characteristics of drivers involved indicate that the characteristics of driver fatalities involving cannabis and/or other drug use differ from those of alcohol and require new, innovative approaches targeting high-risk times, groups and behaviors. Continued monitoring of the toxicological findings from blood samples obtained from drivers killed in motor vehicle crashes will be a key element in efforts to reduce the impact of drug use by drivers on road safety.
Inadequate access to safe drinking water remains a global health problem, particularly in rural areas. Boiling is the most commonly used form of point-of-use household water treatment (HWT) globally, although the use of bottled water in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly.

We assessed the regional and seasonal prevalence of HWT practices (including bottled water use) in low-income rural areas in two Chinese provinces, evaluated the microbiological safety of drinking water and associated health outcomes, and estimated the air pollution burden associated with the use of solid fuels for boiling.

We conducted cross-sectional surveys and collected drinking water samples from 1,033 rural households in Guangxi and Henan provinces. Temperature sensors affixed to pots and electric kettles were used to corroborate self-reported boiling frequencies and durations, which were used to model household air pollution (HAP) in terms of estimated particulate matter



≤


se in rural areas, and its potential to displace other sources of safe drinking water, which could in turn hamper efforts in China and other LMICs toward universal and affordable safe water access. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP7124.
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is made up of complex mixtures of particulate matter, gases and volatile compounds. However, the effects of TRAP on the cardiopulmonary system in most animal studies have been tested using acute exposure to singular pollutants. The cardiopulmonary effects and molecular mechanisms in animals that are chronically exposed to unmodified air pollution as a whole have yet to be studied. Additionally, sex-dependent toxicity of TRAP exposure has rarely been evaluated.

This study sought to assess the cardiopulmonary effect of chronic exposure to unmodified, real-world TRAP in both female and male rats.

Four-week-old male and female rats were exposed to TRAP or filtered air for 14 months in a novel facility drawing air from a major freeway tunnel system in Northern California. Inflammation and oxidative stress markers were examined in the lung, heart, spleen, and plasma, and TRAP deposits were quantified in the lungs of both male and female rats.

Elemental analysis showed higher levels of eight elements in the female lungs and one element in the male lungs. Expression of genes related to fibrosis, aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation were higher in the rat hearts exposed to TRAP, with female rats being more susceptible than males. Enhanced collagen accumulation was found only in the TRAP-exposed female hearts. Plasma cytokine secretion was higher in both female and male rats, but inflammatory macrophages were higher only in TRAP-exposed male spleens.

Our results in rats suggest pathological consequences from chronic TRAP exposure, including sex differences indicating females may be more susceptible to TRAP-induced cardiac fibrosis. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP7045.
Our results in rats suggest pathological consequences from chronic TRAP exposure, including sex differences indicating females may be more susceptible to TRAP-induced cardiac fibrosis. https//doi.org/10.1289/EHP7045.Aim To determine changes in global DNA methylation in monocytes from neonates of women with obesity, as markers of an immune programming resulting from maternal obesity. Materials & methods Cord blood monocytes were obtained from neonates born to women with obesity and normal weight, genome-wide differentially methylated CpGs were determined using an Infinium MethylationEPIC-BeadChip (850K). Results No clustering of samples according to maternal BMI was observed, but sex-specific analysis revealed 71,728 differentially methylated CpGs in female neonates from women with obesity (p less then 0.01). DAVID analysis showed increased methylation levels within genes involved in the innate immune response and inflammation. Conclusion Maternal obesity induces, in a sex-specific manner, an epigenetic programming of monocytes that could contribute to disease later in life. Clinical trial registry This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02903134.Aim This study investigated the effect of sodium citrate on the properties and biological activity of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). Methods PRGF was obtained from trisodium citrate and plain extraction tubes. Hematological parameters, growth factors' release kinetics from both PRGF clots and their releasates' biological effect on human bone cells were evaluated. Results The platelet enrichment factor, the growth factors' content and the release kinetic of PRGF were similar for both groups. The proliferation, collagen type I synthesis and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity of human osteoblasts showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion The use of sodium citrate does not influence the composition, the growth factors' release kinetics or the biological effect of PRGF, but it increases its clinical versatility.Aim To analyze the expression of urinary exosome-derived miRNAs (exo-miRs) in kidney recipients on tacrolimus-based therapy. Patients & methods Clinical and drug monitoring data were recorded from 23 kidney recipients. Expression of 93 exo-miRs was measured by quantitative PCR array and mRNA targets were explored. Results 16 exo-miRs were differentially expressed, including marked upregulation of miR-155-5p, and downregulation of miR-223-3p and miR-1228-3p. Expression of miR-155-5p and miR-223-3p correlated with tacrolimus dose (p less then 0.05), miR-223-3p with serum creatinine (p less then 0.05), and miR-223-3p and miR-1228-3p with blood leukocytes (p less then 0.05). 12 miRNAs have predicted targets involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, PIK3/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β signaling pathways. Conclusion Differentially expressed urinary exo-miRs may be useful markers to monitor tacrolimus therapy and graft function in kidney transplantation.Abnormal expression or function of several classes of kinases contribute to the development of many types of solid and hematologic malignancies. TKs (tyrosine kinases) in particular play a role in tumor growth, metastasis, neovascularization, suppression of immune surveillance, and drug resistance. selleck TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) targeted to TKs such as BCR-ABL1, VEGF receptors, PDGF receptors, have transformed therapy of certain forms of cancer by providing excellent efficacy with relatively low adverse event rates. Yet some of these agents have been associated with high rates of vascular events, presumably from prothrombotic complications that result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and critical limb ischemia. This review describes the scope of the problem evidenced by clinical experience with some of the most commonly used TKIs, with a focus on TKIs targeted to the BCR-ABL1 (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson 1) translocation. We also discuss the potential mechanisms responsible for arterial thrombotic complications that could lead to mitigation strategies or unique TK targeting strategies to reduce adverse event rates without compromising efficacy.Fear of flying can lead to restrictions in private but also in professional life. Different treatment approaches are available to handle fear of flying. Of these, coaching could be one possible treatment method. However, evidence is rare and the aim of this study was to evaluate descriptive effect of wingwave® coaching on a mild form of fear of flying. Coaching was delivered twice before the first flight and once after the first flight. The interventions were conducted between December 2016 and May 2017. Four people with fear of flying participated in the study. As measurement tools, satisfaction with life scale and 'Fear of Flying Scale' (FFS) were used at each of the measurement points. The measurement of fear of flying using the FFS measures showed a reduction in all four individuals. The participants also revealed a benefit in the sub-scales Anticipation, Flying and Turbulence. Our study indicates a positive impact of wingwave® coaching on dealing with a mild form of fear of flying.
A patient survey developed by the Pre-Analytical Phase Special Interest Group of the Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ACB-PA-SIG) was conducted during November and December 2019. The survey aimed to determine the quality of information provided to patients in preparation for their blood test(s). In addition, the ACB-PA-SIG provide a number of recommendations, which, if adopted, may yield higher quality test results and improve patient management.

The survey was distributed at phlebotomy suites in two Hospitals Ipswich Hospital (United Kingdom [UK]), and Cork University Hospital (Republic of Ireland [RoI]).

Overall, 235 survey responses were received from the two sites. A total of 103 respondents received no information about preparing for their blood test and 92 had been told they did not need to fast. None of the patients surveyed had been instructed to fast for 12 h. Twenty-two patients had been told to avoid certain foods, drinks or medication, 14 were told to avoid strenuous activity and 41 respondents had been informed of the need to avoid alcohol/smoking prior to their blood test.
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