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In vitro studies indicated that scaffolds showed biocompatibility to bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), significantly up-regulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, and facilitated the extracellular matrix mineralization. In vivo results showed that 3D printed porous scaffolds promoted new bone formation and enhanced micro-architecture at the critical defect sites (Φ10 mm) in rabbits, compared with the blank control group. Moreover, composite scaffolds significantly improved calvarial defect healing in comparison with scaffolds without nanoZIF-8 incorporation. In summary, nanoZIF-8 modified 3D printed porous composite scaffolds demonstrated great potential in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects, proving the effectiveness of MOF incorporation in 3D printed composite scaffolds to promote osteogenesis in the field of bone tissue engineering.1,3-Dicyano-2,4,5,6-tetrakis(diphenylamino)-benzene (4DPAIPN), with diphenylamino as an electron donor and dicyanobenzene as an electron acceptor, is a typical donor-acceptor fluorophore. Due to its excellent redox window, good chemical stability and broad applicability, this fluorophore has emerged as a powerful and attractive metal-free organophotocatalyst. This review has highlighted the design, synthesis and application of 4DPAIPN photoredox catalysts as well as their exceptionally broad range of redox properties. This flourishing class of organophotocatalysts is expected to contribute to a great extent toward the advancement of synthetic methodologies and its adaptation to a large scale inventive implementation due to their flexibility.Mobile microrobots that maneuver in liquid environments and navigate inside the human body have drawn a great interest due to their possibility for medical uses serving as an in vivo cargo. For this system, the effective self-propelling method, which should be powered wirelessly and controllable in 3-D space, is of paramount importance. This article describes a bubble-powered swimming microdrone that can navigate in 3-D space in a controlled manner. To enable 3-D propulsion with steering capability, air bubbles of three lengths are trapped in microtubes that are embedded and three-dimensionally aligned inside the drone body using two-photon polymerization. These bubbles can generate on-demand 3-D propulsion through microstreaming when they are selectively excited at their individual resonance frequencies that depend on the bubble sizes. In order to equip the drone with highly stable maneuverability, a non-uniform mass distribution of the drone body is carefully designed to spontaneously restore the drone to the upright position from disturbances. A mathematical model of the restoration mechanism is developed to predict the restoration behavior showing a good agreement with the experimental data. The present swimming microdrone potentially lends itself to a robust 3-D maneuverable microscale mobile cargo navigating in vitro and in vivo for biomedical applications.This work describes the synthesis of three new ruthenium(ii) complexes with gallic acid and derivatives of the general formula [Ru(L)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6, where L = gallate (GAC), benzoate (BAC), and esterified-gallate (EGA), bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, NMR, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, and two of them by X-ray crystallography. Cell viability assays show promising results, indicating higher cytotoxicity of the complexes in MDA-MB-231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, compared with the hormone-dependent MCF-7 cell line. Studies in vitro with the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed that only Ru(BAC) and Ru(GAC) interacted with BSA. Besides that, the Ru(GAC) complex, which has a polyphenolic acid, interacted in an apo-Tf structure and function dependent manner and it was able to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species. Ru(GAC) was able to cause damage to the cellular cytoskeleton leading to inhibition of some cellular processes of TNBC cells, such as invasion, migration, and adhesion.Nanoparticle-based therapeutic and detectable modalities can augment anticancer efficiency, holding potential in capable target and suppressive metastases post administration. However, the individual discrepancies of the current "one-size-fits-all" strategies for anticancer nanotherapeutics have heralded the need for "personalized therapy". Benefiting from the special inherency of various cells, diverse cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNs) were established on a patient-by-patient basis, which would facilitate the personalized treatment of individual cancer patients. CMCNs in a complex microenvironment can evade the immune system and target homologous tumors with a suppressed immune response, as well as a prolonged circulation time, consequently increasing the drug accumulation at the tumor site and anticancer therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on the emerging strategies and advances of CMCNs to synergistically integrate the merit of source cells with nanoparticulate delivery systems for the orchestration of personalized anticancer nanotherapeutics, thus discussing their rationalities in facilitating chemotherapy, imaging, immunotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic, magnetocaloric, chemodynamic and gene therapy. Furthermore, the mechanism, challenges and opportunities of CMCNs in personalized anticancer therapy were highlighted to further boost cooperation from different fields, including materials science, chemistry, medicine, pharmacy and biology for the lab-to-clinic translation of CMCNs combined with the individual advantages of source cells and nanotherapeutics.Charge transfer (CT) from electron donor (D) to acceptor (A) plays an important role in photoelectric or electrochemical devices and is a useful concept for a molecule with D and A well distinguishable. Here, we report our finding that even in a molecule with D and A not resolvable, CT can be induced by electronic state mixing (ESM) in a symmetric multi-chromophore system (MCS), namely 1,4-di(1-pyrenyl)benzene (Py-Benz-Py). Unlike Py and Py-Benz, Py-Benz-Py exhibits unique photophysical properties attributable to the reduction of the energy gap between two electronic states induced by ESM. The ESM for Py-Benz-Py is due to the extended π-conjugation owing to the further introduction of Py into Py-Benz, and consequently leads to the favorable intramolecular CT, followed by the planarization due to the twisting motion between Py and phenyl moieties. Time-resolved spectroscopic data demonstrate that the twisting process of the Py moiety in acetonitrile occurs with two unequal time constants, suggesting the localized CT state and the asynchronous twisting dynamics of two Py moieties unlike the delocalized CT state in nonpolar and low-polarity solvents leading to the synchronous twisting of two Py moieties. This means that the symmetry-breaking CT in MCSs can induce an asynchronous twisting motion. The results reported here support that a molecule without CT can be turned into another molecule with CT induced by ESM and demonstrate that the excited-state relaxation dynamics can be regulated through the ESM induced by introducing the substituents or changing the environmental factors such as solvent polarities.Anthraquinone has been linked to potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. The most commonly employed methods for the analysis of coffee and tea cause the extraction of matrix interferents such as the methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which hinder the analysis of anthraquinone. A new manual extraction method - using ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent with a dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up step based on primary-secondary amines - has been developed. The new developed method allows for the quantitation of anthraquinone at 5 μg kg-1 concentration levels, four times lower than the current maximum residue limit for coffee and tea in the European Union (20 μg kg-1). Alongside, a new automated extraction method has also been developed. Finally, a pilot monitoring programme of 90 coffee and tea samples from several countries within the European Union has been performed, in which anthraquinone has been detected in a concentration range of 5.1-18.8 μg kg-1 in 32% of the monitored samples, below the current 20 μg kg-1 maximum residue limit, and in 48% of the monitored tea samples, revealing the need for including anthraquinone in a more extensive monitoring programme of tea.Owing to the growing interest in the application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative purposes in solid pharmaceutical preparations, an article on the identification of compositions in excipient dominated drugs based on Raman spectra is presented. We proposed label-free Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with deep learning (DL) and non-negative least squares (NNLS) as a solution to overcome the drug fast screening bottleneck, which is not only a great challenge to drug administration, but also a major scientific challenge linked to falsified and/or substandard medicines. The result showed that Raman spectroscopy remains a cost effective, rapid, and user-friendly method, which if combined with DL and NNLS leads to fast implantation in the identification of lactose dominated drug (LDD) formulations. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy with the peak matching method allows a visual interpretation of the spectral signature (presence or absence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and low content APIs).In this study, novel lead-free Sr1.75Ca0.25NaNb5O15 tungsten bronze ceramics were designed for potential energy storage applications. A remarkable energy storage density (∼3.23 J cm-3) along with a high energy storage efficiency (∼88.2%) was obtained simultaneously at an applied electric field of 290 kV cm-1. Moreover, the ceramic also showed exceptional discharging performance including a fast discharge rate (τ0.9 less then 70 ns), an ultrahigh discharge current density (1104 A cm-2) and a high power density (82.8 MW cm-3). PF-3644022 cost The achieved capacitive performance in this work indicates the great potential of the designed novel tungsten bronze ceramic for energy storage applications.While hydrogen plays an ever-increasing role in modern society, nature has utilized hydrogen since a very long time as an energy carrier and storage molecule. Among the enzymatic systems that metabolise hydrogen, [FeFe]-hydrogenases are one of the most powerful systems to perform this conversion. In this light, we will herein present an overview on developments in [FeFe]-hydrogenase research with a strong focus on synthetic mimics and their application within the native enzymatic environment. This review spans from the biological assembly of the natural enzyme and the highly controversial discussed mechanism for the hydrogen generation to the synthesis of multiple mimic platforms as well as their electrochemical behaviour.
The aim of this study was to explore the use of a logarithmic amplifier to improve the spatial resolution (RES) of a low-cost electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system. In an EIT system, the measured signal has a large dynamic range from µV to mV, which requires high-RES (analog to digital conversion) cards. The logarithmic amplifier reduces the dynamic range by expanding lower values and compressing higher values, thereby improving the sensitivity and at the same time preventing the signal from saturation. In addition, a low-RES analog to digital conversion (ADC) cards can be used, making the system cost effective. This work evaluates the performance of a logarithmic amplifier and a linear amplifier used for signal conditioning in a low-cost EIT system.

Two EIT systems based on a linear amplifier and logarithmic amplifier were designed. Phantom experiments were carried out with very small amounts of current injection. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), image quality, minimum detectable size and minimum detectable conductivity change were obtained.
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