Notes

Genetic testing in individuals with cerebral palsy.
o guide RTS.
To contrast the presentation and recovery of acute concussion and post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in order to identify factors for PCS prevention.

Concussions are classified as acute (<90 days to resolution) or post-concussion syndrome (PCS, = 90 days to resolution). PCS poses a great burden to the individual and to public health. Further investigation is warranted for understanding the progression of acute concussion to PCS and potential mitigating strategies.

Retrospective chart review of concussion patients seen by Sports Medicine and Exercise Physicians over a five-year period. Outcome measures included demographics, wait-times, injury mechanisms, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) scores, management plans, and recovery timelines.

Four hundred ninety-six patients (289 male/207 female, 19.7 ± 9.4 years) presented with 561 concussions in 1,471 visits. Acute concussions accounted for 88% of injuries and 12% were PCS. Females (RR = 1.4) and adults = 25 years (RR = 3.6) were more likely to be di shorten delays in seeking necessary sports medicine consultation.
Our findings of the incidence/presentation of PCS agree with previous literature. Athletes who are female and/or = 25 years may be at greater risk for PCS progression, requiring close monitoring and further injury prevention efforts. Considering the number of referrals from family physicians, further concussion education may better optimize initial management and shorten delays in seeking necessary sports medicine consultation.
The objective of this report is to describe a SARS-CoV-2 protocol and subsequent positivity rate for athletes and staff participating in combat sports events.

Combat sports are among the most challenging to protect against the transmission of communicable diseases. Sports neurologists are often called on to take a leadership role in the safe management of these events. Our team was asked to provide a plan for pre-fight SARS-CoV-2 testing during the recent pandemic. As a result, we were able to successfully host 28 major combat sports events at a single venue with minimal exposure for staff and participants.

Athletes and staff were tested for the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a PCR method. Samples were obtained via nasal swab upon arrival at the host hotel. All participants were then quarantined until the results were available. Those with negative tests were allowed to resume training in isolated pods. All participants were retested within 72 hours of the event. Those who were positive were quarantined off site for up to 2 weeks. Consultation was provided with an infectious disease specialist via telemedicine.

A total of 8,135 tests were performed from July 1, 2020 until April 30, 2021 for the purpose of maintaining a safe venue. A total of 1,649 subjects were tested. KN-93 molecular weight There were 42 positive tests that resulted in an overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate of 0.516% for these events.

Our sports neurology team was able to design and implement an effective plan to protect combat sports athletes and staff during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This allowed the safe continuation of 28 events. This protocol design can be implemented when dealing with future outbreaks of communicable diseases.
Our sports neurology team was able to design and implement an effective plan to protect combat sports athletes and staff during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This allowed the safe continuation of 28 events. This protocol design can be implemented when dealing with future outbreaks of communicable diseases.
To examine the association between acute post-concussion dizziness, initial symptom severity, and postural stability with time to symptom resolution among adolescents.

Identifying early post-concussion symptoms and functional deficits that predict symptom resolution can guide treatment strategies. Dizziness is among the most common concussion symptoms, and existing literature investigating the association between dizziness and recovery time is mixed.

Participants underwent initial evaluation = 14 days post-concussion, and self-reported symptom severity using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI). We used PSCI dizziness ratings to group participants a difference between current and pre-injury dizziness ≥3 = dizzy; difference <3 = not dizzy. We evaluated postural stability using modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) and tandem gait (TG). Patients were followed until symptom resolution, and our primary outcome of interest was time from concussion to symptom resolution. Using a univariable associated with symptom resolution time among adolescents following concussion. Individuals with moderate to severe post-concussion dizziness had higher average symptom scores indicating self-reported dizziness should be interpreted in the context of total concussion symptom burden.
Total symptom severity, but not dizziness or postural stability, was significantly associated with symptom resolution time among adolescents following concussion. Individuals with moderate to severe post-concussion dizziness had higher average symptom scores indicating self-reported dizziness should be interpreted in the context of total concussion symptom burden.
To evaluate the epidemiologic features of psychiatric comorbidities following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI, or concussion) in a state-wide hospital system cohort over a 10-year period.

The epidemiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diagnoses following concussion are poorly understood. Despite the rebirth of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) as persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), entailing diverse and complex somatic, cognitive, and emotional components with significant potential overlap or confounding of psychiatric comorbidities, there is scarce characterization of the incidence of such comorbidities following concussion. The study of demographic factors as they relate to psychiatric diagnoses following concussion remains in infancy.

We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study of all patients who received a diagnosis of concussion within Ochsner Health (OH) over a 10-year period. System-wide electronic medical records were evaluated using ICD-10 codes to collect data on patienaction to severe stress or adjustment disorder diagnosis, and (8) new PTSD diagnosis.

We call for multidisciplinary awareness, screening, and longitudinal research of patients with concussion.
We call for multidisciplinary awareness, screening, and longitudinal research of patients with concussion.
This study aimed to determine the association of a range of off-field symptoms reported by athletes retrospectively with on-field concussion signs and in-office symptoms among rugby union players.

Players with sports concussion experience multiple symptoms. Understanding the association between these symptoms and clinical markers of concussion would facilitate a targeted approach to symptom assessment and treatment.

Cross-sectional study. We consecutively enrolled 92 adult rugby union players, within the first 72 hours after sport concussion. Ten symptoms assessed using a retrospective symptoms interview were examined for their association with observed concussion signs and post-concussion symptoms using the Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS).

Odds ratios revealed that athletes who was overtly symptomatic based on retrospective concussion interview at the time of the concussion were over 2.6 times more likely (
= 0.047) to have exhibited post-traumatic amnesia when compared with athletes who was d off-field assessment is essential in understanding the severity of sports concussion.
To assess the diagnostic utility of biomarkers that could differentiate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) from Alzheimer disease (AD).

CTE is a neurodegenerative disease associated with multiple head trauma. The diagnosis depends on neuropathologic findings postmortem, and patients can present cognitive and behavioral changes. These symptoms can usually be mistaken for other dementias, such as AD, leading to an underestimated frequency of CTE. Therefore, specific biomarkers can be useful for comprehending disease development, diagnosis and prognosis.

We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases. We also searched the trial registries and reference lists of articles. We included studies that were relevant to the PICO question posed and analysed different biomarkers. We screened titles and abstracts and if they were pertinent, we assessed the full text and reported results narratively.

Twenty-two studies were identified through database searching. One study was excluded due differential diagnosis between CTE and AD.
Biomarkers that arise from pathophysiologic processes distinct from the 2 diseases, appear to be promising. However, further well-designed studies are needed to assess the real utility of the biomarkers in differential diagnosis between CTE and AD.
To assess the current experience, beliefs and knowledge of survey respondents in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion and their relationship to formal concussion training.

Athletes who have had a concussion may be at risk of a wide range of short- or long-term complications. The experience with and knowledge about concussion may be the most important factors for an effective concussion management.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July and August 2020 all over Buenos Aires, Argentina among health care professionals involved in the training and care of the competitive or recreational athletes. The survey covered (i) the socio-demographic characteristics; (ii) experience; (iii) beliefs; and (iv) assessment of knowledge on sports concussion.

A total of 626 participants completed and returned the questionnaire (response rate 86%). The majority of the health care professionals were physicians (n = 429; 68.5%). Nearly two-thirds (72%) of the respondents were related to rugby. Soonals who are involved in the care of athletes. Our findings confirm the need for training and education on sport-related concussion.
To compare patient demographics, injury phase (IP; time-to-assessment), total symptom severity score (TSS) changes and return to participation (RTP; cognitive/physical) to mechanism of injury (MOI).

Secondary concussion prevention includes timely assessment and treatment to decrease TSS and maximize RTP.

One community physiotherapy clinic. Retrospective chart review (September 1, 2016-August 8, 2018). Two hundred thirty-four patients with concussion (male n = 85; female n = 149) from various MOIs. Age groups (years) children 8-12, youth 13-17, young adult 18-29, adult 30-64, senior 65+. IP acute (<72 hours), subacute (72 hours-2 weeks adults, 72 hours-4 weeks children/youth), persistent (2 weeks-3 months adults, 4 weeks-3 months children/youth), chronic (>3 months).

multimodal physiotherapy (cervico-vestibular, exertion, education), referral to specialist, psychology and/or neuropsychology.

treatment (number, timeframe) and weeks to recovery (WTR) vs MOI; TSS changes and RTP rates.

All acuteessment and treatment. It also draws attention to RTP in MOIs other than sport.
Concussion patients experienced symptom and participation recovery, with IP and MOI related to WTR. Treatment/recovery timeframes were longer than previously reported for subacute, persistent, and chronic IPs. These results will inform secondary prevention strategies and knowledge translation underscoring the need for timely assessment and treatment. It also draws attention to RTP in MOIs other than sport.
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