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Halophilic Archaea are widely distributed globally in hypersaline environments. However, little is known of how dominant halophilic archaeal genera are distributed across environments and how they may co-associate across ecosystems. Here, the archaeal community composition and diversity from hypersaline environments (> 300 g/L salinity; total of 33 samples) in the Qaidam Basin of China were investigated using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The archaeal communities (total of 3,419 OTUs) were dominated by the class Halobacteria (31.7-99.6% relative abundances) within the phylum Euryarchaeota (90.8-99.9%). Five predominant taxa, including Halorubrum, Halobacterium, Halopenitus, Methanothrix, and Halomicrobium, were observed across most samples. However, several distinct genera were associated with individual samples and were inconsistently distributed across samples, which contrast with previous studies of hypersaline archaeal communities. Additionally, co-occurrence network analysis indicated that five network clusters were present and potentially reflective of interspecies interactions among the environments, including three clusters (clusters II, III, and IV) comprising halophilic archaeal taxa within the Halobacteriaceae and Haloferacaceae families. In addition, two other clusters (clusters I and V) were identified that comprised methanogens. Finally, salinity comprising ionic concentrations (in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+) and pH were most correlated with taxonomic distributions across sample sites.
Since poor repeatability of the load and shift test using a grading scale has been reported, an objective and quantitative method to assess anterior translation should be established to assess glenohumeral joint function. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the ultrasonographic techniques to quantify anterior translation of the glenohumeral joint.

Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used. For the standard technique, the ultrasound transducer was positioned on the anterolateral aspect of the shoulder viewing the coracoid process, glenoid, and humeral head. For the revised technique, the transducer was positioned on the anterior aspect of the shoulder, perpendicular to the scapular plane, viewing the conjoint tendon, glenoid, and humeral head. During the load and shift test, the distance between anterior edges of the glenoid and the humeral head was measured. The difference between distances before and after applying an anterior load was calculated as an anterior translation and compared with the anterior translation assessed using a motion tracking system. The repeatability and accuracy of both techniques were analyzed statistically.

Intra- and inter-observer repeatability was good-excellent for both ultrasonographic techniques (ICC, 0.889-0.998). The revised technique achieved a stronger correlation to the anterior translations obtained using the motion tracking system (R = 0.810-0.913, p < 0.001) than the standard technique (R = 0.619-0.806, p < 0.001).

Better accuracy and repeatability was found in the revised technique than the standard technique. The revised technique will be useful to determine the individual laxity and modify the treatment plan and return-to-sports protocol.

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To determine the association between red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM) and total red and processed red meat (TRPRM) consumption on nutritional adequacy and markers of health and cardio-metabolic diseases in British adults.

In this cross-sectional study of adults (19-64 y) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (n = 1758), RM and PRM consumption were assessed from 4day estimated food diaries. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), plasma glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein, TAG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C from the NDNS were used.

43% of adults (men 57% and women 31%) consumed more than the 70g/d TRPRM guidelines. Fewer adults in the highest tertile of TRPRM intake were below lower reference nutrient intakes (LRNIs), particularly for zinc and iron, respectively. In model 3 (controlled for age, energy intake, socioeconomic classification, number of daily cigarettes, BMI, dietary factors), higher RM consumption was associated with being significantly taller (model 3 P-A = 0.025), HbA1c (model 3 P-ANCOVA = 0.0001; P-T2/T1 = 0.001; P-T3/T2 = 0.001) and higher PP (model 3 P-ANCOVA = 0.022; P-T3/T1 = 0.021). Higher PRM consumption was associated with significantly higher BMI and hip circumference in men, and higher TC, LDL-C, HbA1c and PP in women, which was not observed for RM consumption.
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors.

This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis.

A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed sig is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.
Analysis of autophagy-related genes in tomato shows the involvement of SlATG18f in leaf curl disease tolerance and a CAPS marker developed from this gene demonstrates its usefulness in marker-assisted selection. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process regulating cellular homeostasis and adaptation to different biotic and abiotic stress. Several autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) are reported to be involved in autophagic processes, and considering their importance in regulating growth and stress adaptation, these proteins have been identified and characterized in several plant species. However, there is no information available on the role of autophagy-related proteins regulating the tolerance of tomatototomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD). Given this, the present genome-wide study identified thirty ATG-encoding genes (SlATG) in tomato, followed by their functional characterization. Azaindole 1 mouse Expression profiling of the SlATG genes in contrasting tomato cultivars subjected to virus infection showed a 4.5-fold upelhi virus tolerance. Comparison of the gene sequence of both tolerant and susceptible cultivars along with the 5' upstream regions identified an SNP (A/T) at -2916 upstream of the start codon. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed targeting this region, which showed a significant association with the tolerance characteristics in the tomato germplasm (R2 = 0.1787). Altogether, the study identified a potential gene that could be used to develop ToLCNDV tolerant tomato cultivars using transgene-based or marker-assisted breeding-based approaches.Gentamicin ointment has potential in the treatment of Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis. However, there is a lack of reliable study data. The aim of this study was to perform a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, contralateral, vehicle-controlled clinical trial. A total of 20 subjects diagnosed with Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis by genetic test, who carried nonsense mutations, enrolled in the 30-day study. Gentamicin ointment was applied to the hand and foot on one side of the body, and vehicle ointment was applied to the hand and foot on the other side. The choice of hand and foot in each subject was randomly allocated. The severity of the patient's skin lesions and quality of life were assessed by a blinded evaluator, using the Dermatology Life Quality Index, visual analogue scale scores and digital photography. Gentamicin ointment treatment resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms of hyperkeratosis and foul smell compared with vehicle. No difference was found in the effect on erythema between gentamicin and vehicle. In conclusion, gentamicin ointment demonstrated positive responses and good tolerance in treating Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis caused by nonsense mutations.The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for, Chlamydia trachomatis in attendees recruited prospectively from October 2018 to January 2019 at the only sexually transmitted infections clinic in Iceland (in Reykjavík), and to evaluate the cobas 4800 CT/NG Test and Aptima Combo 2 Assay for C. trachomatis detection in male urine and female vaginal swabs. Prevalence of C. trachomatis was 15.8% among 487 women and 13.6% among 491 men (no Neisseria gonorrhoeae positive patients were found). C. trachomatis detection was independently and positively associated with being tested for contact tracing, 18-24 years of age, and reporting ≥ 6 sexual partners within 12 months. Reporting sex with non-residents of Iceland was associated with a lower risk of C. trachomatis infection. Both assays had a high sensitivity in detection of C. trachomatis (Aptima Combo 2 100%; cobas 4800 CT/NG 95.1%) and high specificity (100% and 99.6%, respectively). The high local prevalence of C. trachomatis and increased acquisition risk following sex with residents are of public health concern.Heparan sulfates (HS) is a polysaccharide found at the cell surface, where it mediates interactions with hundreds of proteins and regulates major pathophysiological processes. HS is highly heterogeneous and structurally complex and examples that define their structure-activity relationships remain limited. Here, to characterize a protein-HS interface and define the corresponding saccharide binding domain, we present a chemoenzymatic approach that generate 13C labeled HS-based oligosaccharide structures. NMR spectroscopy that efficiently discriminates between important or redundant chemical groups in the oligosaccharides, is employed to characterize these molecules alone and in interaction with proteins. Using chemokines as model system, docking based on NMR data on both proteins and oligosaccharides enable the identification of the structural determinant involved in the complex. This study shows that both the position of the sulfo-groups along the chain and their mode of presentation, rather than their overall number, are key determinant and further points out the usefulness of these 13C labeled oligosaccharides in obtaining detailed structural information on HS-protein complexes.Knowledge on variations of drought resistance traits are needed to predict the potential of trees to acclimate to coming severe drought events. Xylem vulnerability to embolism is a key parameter related to such droughts, and its phenotypic variability relies mainly on environmental plasticity. We investigated the structural determinants controlling the plasticity of vulnerability to embolism, focusing on the key elements involved in the air bubble entry in vessels, especially the inter-vessel pits. Poplar saplings (Populus tremula x alba) grown in contrasted water availability or light exposure exhibited differences in vulnerability to embolism (P50) in a range of 0.76 MPa. We then characterized the structural changes in features related to pit quantity and pit structure, from the pit ultrastructure to the organization of xylem vessels, using different microscopy techniques (TEM, SEM, LM). A multispectral combination of X-ray microtomography and light microscopy analysis allowed measuring the vulnerability of each single vessel and testing some of the relationships between structural traits and vulnerability to embolism inside the xylem.
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