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Objectives E-cigarettes are electronic devices containing a liquid that usually consists of a mixture of glycerol, propylene glycol and nicotine, with or without flavorings, in various concentrations. A vapor or aerosol is produced, and inhaled from the user, when this liquid is heated by a heating coil. This work examines the impact of three parameters (e-liquid composition, nicotine content and air flow) on the transfer of metals' from the heating coils to the e-liquids.Materials and methods A distillation unit was used, where 20ml of an e-liquid were boiled with two commercial heating elements. Four e-liquids 100% Propylene Glycol, 100% Glycerol, 50/50% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol, 33.3/33.3/33.3% Propylene Glycol/Glycerol/Water, three nicotine contents 0, 0.4 and 0.8% per volume and three air flows 0, 0.5 and 1.0 L/min, were used. The liquids were analyzed by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry to determine the final content of metals.Results and discussion Five metals, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, were found to be transferred from the heating coils to the e-liquids. The transfer of those metals increases with air flow and nicotine concentration, while e-liquid composition also has a significant impact. Glycerol enhances the transfer of metals compared to propylene glycol and their mixtures. The boiling temperature of the e-liquids increases significantly the transfer of metals in the e-liquids.Conclusions There is a transfer of metals from the heating coils to the e-liquids. This transfer depends on the e-liquid composition and on the boiling temperature.Introduction Care robots are machines, operating partly or completely autonomously, that are intended to assist older people and their caregivers. Care robots are seen as one part of the solution to the aging population, allowing fewer professional caregivers to provide the necessary assistance and care. Despite the potential benefits, the dissemination of care robots, and welfare technology in general, is limited in Swedish elder care.Purpose To explore the challenges of introducing welfare technology, particularly care robots, in elder care.Materials and methods Twenty-one individual interviews with key actors at the societal level, analysed by thematic analysis.Results The challenges, from the societal actors' perspectives, were related to; the beliefs in technology, attitudes, ethics, collaboration, and the need for knowledge and skills regarding care robots (individual and group challenges). Challenges of a national character were national governance, infrastructure, laws and regulations, economics, and ollow the pattern of an ecosystem involving all sections of society, which are intertwined and require consideration before the expected benefits can be realised.A user-centred approach is necessary to support the design, implementation, and usefulness of care robots and their suitability for meeting the real needs of older persons and professional caregivers.The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) is a cognitive test used to assess patients' manual dexterity, rapid visual-motor coordination and psychomotor speed. Terephthalic compound library chemical Studies have shown that performance on the GPT is associated to cognitive functions and examinee's demographics; however, none of which involved Arab populations. The present study aims to explore motor dexterity as measured by the GPT and its relationship to intellectual abilities, age, gender and education in a sample of Lebanese individuals. We reviewed the charts of 330 patients who were administered the GPT as part of larger cognitive batteries in an outpatient diagnostic center in Beirut, Lebanon between September 2013 and September 2016. Results from this sample suggest that a higher Full Scale IQ, and an older age contribute to a better performance on the GPT, whereas gender and grade level are not significant predictors of performance. Results also show a significant difference between the performance of patients diagnosed with a Developmental Coordination Disorder and patients with no neurodevelopmental diagnosis.Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a medical complication and metabolic disorder associated with pregnancy. Calycosin is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is used for the treatment of multiple diseases. This study focused on exploring the effects and underlying mechanisms of Calycosin on GDM.Methods The db/+ diabetic mice model of GDM was used to evaluate the effects of calycosin administration on the symptoms of GDM mice. Blood glucose, cytokine production (interleukin 6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α), and insulin levels were measured by ELISA assay. The expression level of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), ring finger protein 38 (RNF38), and SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) were determined by Western Blot assay. Beta cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay.Results Our data indicated that administration of calycosin significantly improved the GDM symptoms in pregnant db/+ mice as demonstrated by reduced blood glucose, TNF-a, and IL-6 levels as well as increased insulin level, and body weight. Furthermore, we revealed that RNF38/SHP-1/STAT3 signaling should play a critical role in calycosin-promoted beta cell function, and forced expression of RNF38 attenuated the positive effects of calycosin on beta cells.Conclusion Our study implied that calycosin exerts favorable effects on GDM mice via rebalancing insulin sensitivity and inflammatory response.Introduction Short-stem hip prostheses present variable proximal femoral bone radiological findings. The aims of this study were to analyse, in our patients with implanted collum femoris-preserving (CFP) stems, cancellous bone remodelling, cortical distal hypertrophy and pedestal formation, and the relationship between those radiological changes that suggest distal fixation with the size of the stem. Methods From October 2001 to December 2012 a total of 199 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 180 patients were performed at our department using the CFP stem and followed up for a minimum of 5 years until December 2017. Results Stress shielding was present in 74% of oversized stems cases, but in normal or undersized stems, stress shielding was present in 8.5%. Cortical hyperthrophy was observed in 49% of the oversized stems and in 6% of the normal or undersized ones. Finally, non-statistically significant differences (p = 0.089) in pedestal formation were found, present in 16.3% of the oversized stems and in 6% of normal or undersized ones.
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