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Analysis involving features necessary for running evaluation of patients with joint osteoarthritis by using a wireless accelerometer.
1%) and high (75.2%) agricultural potential areas. Children who received minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were only 34.1%. Mother/caregiver education level positively (P less then .05) associated with minimum diet diversity in low potential area (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.79, 95% CI 1.47-9.75) and with MAD in high potential area (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.01-3.46). Other factors associated with MDD, MMF, and MAD included household income and slow feeding in low potential area, and child gender and active feeding in high potential area. Conclusion There is a variation in factors associated with diet quality and child feeding practices in different agroecological zones. Therefore, nutrition education and behavior change communication interventions aimed at improving child nutrition should be context-specific.The purpose of this review is to highlight several areas of lncRNA biology and cancer that we hope will provide some new insights for future research. These include the relationship of lncRNAs and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with a focus on transcriptional and alternative splicing mechanisms and mRNA stability through miRNAs. In addition, we highlight the potential role of enhancer e-lncRNAs, the importance of transposable elements in lncRNA biology, and finally the emerging area of using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small molecules to target lncRNAs and their therapeutic implications.This article summarizes research based on the INCAP Longitudinal Study that demonstrates the positive effects of the atole intervention on prime-age adult cognitive skills and productivities. The findings are interpreted in the context of a life-cycle stages model in which various factors and investments at each stage of life influence outcomes not only in that stage but in subsequent ones. The results point to the likely importance of improvements in adult cognitive skills due to better early-life nutrition on adult male labor market outcomes as well as on women's "home productivity" in terms of anthropometrics for the next generation. Possible mechanisms are also explored, including the impacts of early-life exposure to atole on children's height when starting school, on grades of schooling attainment, and on the extent of experience with higher-skilled jobs, as well as the impacts of improved cognitive skills on wages. Not only are investments in early-life nutrition important for immediate welfare but also they have significant productivity payoffs in adulthood.The first follow-up study of the original Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Longitudinal Study was conducted in 1988 to 1989 when participants were between the ages of 11 and 27 years. The longer term effects of the original supplementation in early life of either high protein and energy, Atole, or no protein and low energy, Fresco, were seen in anthropometry, skeletal maturation, physical work capacity, and intellectual development, with maximum benefit seen in those participants who had maximum exposure to the supplementation during prenatal and early postnatal years. No effects were observed in bone mineralization and menarche. The long-term positive effects are consistent with the promotion of improved nutrition during the first 1000 days and established the foundation for further follow-up studies as the participants move into adulthood and further develop their human capital.The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) longitudinal study of 1969 to 1977 was a community randomized trial in which 2 pairs of matched villages received either a protein-rich gruel (atole) or a nonprotein, low-energy drink (fresco). Both contained equal amounts of micronutrients by volume. I review the history and design of the study and impact on dietary intakes and physical growth. The design dates from the 1960s when protein was seen as the main dietary deficiency. During the 1970s, emphasis shifted to energy deficiency and this influenced early analyses. Energy from the 2 drinks during pregnancy was associated with improved birthweights and whether protein was also provided along with energy appeared to make no difference. These analyses, observational in nature, were possible because there was substantial overlap in energy intakes from the supplements during pregnancy across village types. In children, analyses initially focused on energy but eventually relied on the original experimental design. Exposure to the atole compared to fresco was associated with improved physical growth at 3 years of age but not from 3 to 7 years. Consumption of the fresco in the first 3 years of life was low such that there was little overlap in energy intakes from the supplements, not allowing for the type of analyses done for pregnancy. Diets in atole villages were greater from 15 to 36 months in protein, energy, and micronutrients, making attribution of impact on growth to a specific nutrient impossible. The atole improved linear growth, arm, and calf circumferences at 3 years but not skinfold thicknesses.Malnutrition impairs many forms of human development. In order to tackle nutritional deficiencies and excesses, the science of evidence-based nutrition needs rapid transformations to scale up pro-poor and sustainable actions. The aims of this article are to briefly outline the nutritional challenges faced in Central America and the Dominican Republic, highlight new evidence produced by the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama during the last decade, and foster the implementation of feasible solutions in limited-resourced settings.This article highlights the important contributions that the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama longitudinal study has made to global development efforts. The studies have made a unique contribution to our understanding of the role of early life nutrition on many outcomes of interest to the global nutrition community and have strengthened narratives such as human capital.Background The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) Longitudinal Study provides a unique opportunity to examine the role of nutrition in cognitive functioning over time, controlling for other sociocultural factors. Objective This article describes results of analyses carried out in the INCAP Longitudinal Study on relationships between early childhood nutritional status and supplementation with concurrent and subsequent cognitive development in childhood and adolescence/young adulthood. Methods Articles were chosen for review that addressed this topic from the original and 1988 follow-up studies; 41 articles were reviewed and key results summarized for relationships between early nutrition and cognition in infancy, early childhood, and adolescence/young adulthood. Results Overall, results suggest strong relationships between indicators of a child's early nutritional status and motor and cognitive development in infancy and through the preschool years, continuing into adolescence/young adulthood, particularly for males. Nutritional supplementation during gestation through 2 years of age was associated with improvements in motor development and small, but consistent improvements in cognitive development during infancy and preschool years, with similar results of greater magnitude found with cognitive functioning in adolescence and young adulthood. Findings remain strong after controlling for various sociocultural factors (eg, socioeconomic status [SES]) and schooling. buy AZD3514 Among adolescents, significant interactions were found with SES and years of school attained; differences in performance favored Atole over Fresco children, with greatest differences for participants of low SES and those with higher levels of schooling. Conclusions Results support the need for programs to address unmet nutritional requirements among at-risk mothers and children and potential beneficial effects for human cognitive development.Self-measured blood pressure at home (HBP) is quite important for the management of hypertension. We hypothesized that winter HBP measured according to the recommendation of the guidelines, but not HBP measured inside bed before getting up, is elevated in response to cold ambient temperatures in winter. This study aimed to investigate differences in HBP measured before and after getting up in winter and summer.Methods Hypertensive subjects whose blood pressure was stably controlled were enrolled (n = 46, 73 years). They were instructed to measure HBP while in bed just after waking (HBP-bed), in addition to the ordinary HBP measurement in the morning (HBP-morning) according to the guidelines. The mean value of HBP for 7 consecutive days before the day of a regular hospital visit was considered as the HBP of each subject, and characteristics of the winter and summer BPs were investigated.Results HBP-morning was significantly higher (P less then .001) in winter than in summer, but HBP-bed was lower in winter than in summer (P less then .05). HBP-morning was significantly higher than HBP-bed in winter, while HBP-morning was not different from HBP-bed in summer, resulting in greater changes in HBP after getting up in winter than in summer (P less then .0001). Changes in HBP after getting up were significantly correlated with serum creatinine levels and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.Conclusions These findings imply that elevated HBP-morning in winter reflects the response of BP to cold after getting up. Seasonal profiles of HBPs before and after getting up should be noted in the management of hypertension.Introduction Relationships between people with dementia and their carers can prove challenging over the trajectory of the disease. Interventions with a potential to address this include arts and music-based activities. This research project aimed to evaluate a community engagement programme (Carers Create) where both people with dementia and their carers participate together in singing and other activities. A specific focus was on the impact of the sessions on the dyadic relationship. Methods A grounded theory approach involved conducting three focus group interviews with carers of people with dementia (n = 16) facilitated by members of a local U3A (University of the Third Age) who were trained and supported by university researchers. Recorded conversations were transcribed and analysed using a three-stage coding and thematic development technique. Results Four overarching themes were identified from the discourse remembering the positive qualities of the cared-for, the physical and emotional demands of caring, Carers Create as a shared, beneficial activity and the enduring value of Carers Create. Conclusion Carers found the sessions to positively influence the relationship with the person they cared for through offering some relief from the day-to-day pressures of caring and, in some cases, restoring elements of a previously strong relationship. Crucial to the experience was the fact that the sessions included both carer and cared-for, offering activities to do together, and that they took place within a group, thereby offering a degree of mutual support. In addition, some carers were able to build on learning which had taken place and use certain techniques, such as singing, to help manage care, thus extending the improved relationship.
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