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Homoeopathic Management of Allergic Rhinitis: A pair of Situation Reports.
Leaf angle and leaf orientation value (LOV) are critical agronomic traits for maize plant architecture. The functions of NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) members in regulating plant architecture have not been reported yet. Here, we identified a regulator of maize plant architecture, NF-Y subunit C13 (ZmNF-YC13). ZmNF-YC13 was highly expressed in the leaf base zone of maize plants. ZmNF-YC13 overexpressing plants showed upright leaves with narrow leaf angle and larger LOV, while ZmNF-YC13 knockout plants had larger leaf angle and smaller LOV compared with wild-type plants. The changes in plant architecture were due to the changes in the expression of cytochrome P450 family members. ZmNF-YC13 interacts with two NF-Y subunit B members (ZmNF-YB9 and ZmNF-YB10) of the LEAFY COTYLEDON1 sub-family, and further recruits NF-Y subunit A (ZmNF-YA3) to form two NF-Y complexes. The two complexes can both activate the promoters of transcriptional repressors (ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2), and the promoters of PLASTOCHRON group genes can be repressed by ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2 in maize protoplasts. We propose that ZmNF-YC13 functions as a transcriptional regulator and, together with ZmNF-YBs and ZmNF-YA3, affects plant architecture by regulating the expression of ZmWRKY76 and ZmBT2, which repress the expression of cytochrome P450 family members in PLASTOCHRON branch.
Depression is common in patients with cardiac disease. The importance of preoperative depression for development of postoperative delirium (POD) following cardiac surgery is not well known. The aim is to provide a summary estimate of depression as a predictor of POD following cardiac surgery.

Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection and Psycinfo (Ovid) was performed from inception to October 2019, including cohort studies reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for POD following cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative depression compared to patients without depression. ORs and 95% CIs for POD were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Seven studies were included with a combined study population of 2066 patients. The pooled prevalence of POD in the combined study population was 26% and preoperative depression was present in ∼9% of the total study population. All studies showed a positive association between preoperative depression and POD; and in 5 studies, the association was statistically significant. selleck inhibitor Patients with depression had a pooled OR of 2.31 (95% CI 1.37-3.90) for POD.

This systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the findings that the previous association between preoperative depression and increased risk for developing POD reported for other patient groups is found also in cardiac surgery. Depression screening prior to cardiac surgery may be effective in identifying patients at higher risk for POD.
This systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the findings that the previous association between preoperative depression and increased risk for developing POD reported for other patient groups is found also in cardiac surgery. Depression screening prior to cardiac surgery may be effective in identifying patients at higher risk for POD.
The inflammatory response after surgery is associated with patient prognosis. Patients who undergo thoracic surgery exhibit a profound systemic inflammatory response due to the surgical procedures used and application of one-lung ventilation. The aim of this study was to compare perioperative inflammatory changes in patients after intubated and non-intubated thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer resection.

This prospective randomized controlled study included forty patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer. Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected just before induction, at 1 and 24 h after surgery. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay kits.

The basal values of cytokines were comparable between 2 groups. Within each group, the postoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α increased, while those of IL-4 and IL-10 did not change significantly. The levels of IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in group NI at 1 and 24 h postoperatively. Other cytokines did not differ in both groups during postoperative period. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio at 1 h after surgery was lower in non-intubated patients than in intubated patients, but there was no difference at 24 h after surgery.

Non-intubated thoracic surgery may attenuate the early inflammatory cytokine changes following major resection for primary lung cancer compared with intubated conventional surgery.

ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT04007354.
ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT04007354.
To compare patient-reported outcome measures of minimally invasive (MI) to sternotomy (ST) mitral valve repair.

We included all patients undergoing isolated mitral valve surgery via either a right mini-thoracotomy (MI) or ST over a 36-month period. Patients were asked to complete a modified Composite Physical Function questionnaire. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and patient-reported outcome measures were compared between 2 propensity-matched groups (n = 47/group), assessing 3 domains 'Recovery Time', 'Postoperative Pain' (at day 2 and 1, 3, 6 and 12 weeks) and 'Treatment Satisfaction'. Composite scores for each domain were subsequently constructed and multivariable analysis was used to determine whether surgical approach was associated with domain scores.

The response rate was 79%. There was no mortality in either group. In the matched groups, operative times were longer in the MI group (P < 0.001), but postoperative outcomes were similar. Composite scores for Recovery Time [ST 51.7 (31.8-62.1) vs MI 61.7 (43.1-73.9), P = 0.03] and Pain [ST 65.7 (40.1-83.1) vs MI 79.1 (65.5-89.5), P = 0.02] significantly favoured the MI group. Scores in the Treatment Satisfaction domain were high for both surgical approaches [ST 100 (82.5-100) vs MI 100 (95.0-100), P = 0.15]. The strongest independent predictor of both faster recovery parameter estimate 12.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7-18.3, P < 0.001] and less pain parameter estimate 7.6 (95% CI 0.7-14.5, P = 0.03) was MI surgery.

MI surgery was associated with faster recovery and less pain; treatment satisfaction and safety profiles were similar.
MI surgery was associated with faster recovery and less pain; treatment satisfaction and safety profiles were similar.
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