Notes

High-capacity bi-directional full-duplex transmitting according to fiber-eigenmode multiplexing over a FMF using 2×2 MIMO.
The translational potential of this article A better understanding of the role of extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine will contribute to a novel and promising therapy for OA patients. © 2019 The Author(s).Background/objective Orthopaedic implants are important devices aimed at relieving pain and improving mobility. Staphylococcal infection and aseptic loosening are two common events associated with inflammatory osteolysis that lead to implant failures. Bone mass and biomechanical properties are important indicators that could influence patient outcomes after revision surgery. However, the dynamics of bacterial infections and their influence on bone mass and biomechanical properties remain unclear. Hence, in this study, we developed rabbit aseptic inflammation and staphylococcal infection models to determine the effects of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative bacterial infection, as well as aseptic inflammation, on the mass and biomechanical properties of the bone. Methods Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 6 groups, and each group had 10 rabbits. The medullary cavities in rabbits of each group were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (100 μL), titanium (Ti)-wear particles (300 nflammatory osteolysis caused by a high concentration of coagulase-positive staphylococci is significantly associated with low bone mass and impaired biomechanical properties. The translational potential of this article It is necessary to obtain an overall assessment of the bone mass and biomechanical properties before revision surgery, especially when S. aureus infection is involved. In addition, a better understanding of these two parameters might help develop a reasonable treatment regimen and reduce the risk of adverse events after revision surgery. © 2019 The Author(s).Background The survival rate of osteosarcoma therapy still lags behind overall cancer therapies due to the intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Developing novel drug delivery systems that may overcome drug resistance would greatly facilitate osteosarcoma therapy. Methods Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-sheddable reduction-sensitive polyurethane (SS-PU-SS-PEG) was synthesized using a disulfide-containing polycaprolactone diol as the hydrophobic block and a cystamine-functionalized PEG as the hydrophilic block. SS-PU-SS-PEG micelles were then prepared to load the anti-tumor drug Doxorubicin (DOX) in order to achieve triggered intracellular drug delivery to improve the efficacy of osteosarcoma therapy. Results When DOX was used as a model drug, the drug-loaded SS-PU-SS-PEG micelles were about 82∼94 nm in diameter and exhibited good stability in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The micelles could release about 80% DOX in a quantitative fashion within 5 hours under a reductive environment. The intracellular drug releamight be used as a novel drug delivery system for osteosarcoma treatment. © 2019 The Author(s).Background Many orthopedic surgical procedures involve reattachment between tendon and bone. Whether bone-tendon healing is better facilitated by tendon fixation on a bone surface or within a tunnel is unknown. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of bone surface versus bone trough fixation on bone-tendon healing in a rabbit patella-patellar tendon (PPT) injury model. Methods The rabbits underwent partial patellectomy with patellar-tendon fixation on the osteotomy surface (bone surface fixation, BSF group) (n = 28) or within a bone trough (bone trough fixation, BTF group) (n = 28). The PPT interface was evaluated by macroscopic observation, micro-computed tomography scanning, histological analysis, and biomechanical testing at postoperative week 8 or week 16. Results Macroscopically, no signs of infection or osteoarthritis were observed, and the regenerated tissue bridging the residual patella and patellar tendon showed no obvious difference between the two groups. There were siion on bone surface in a rabbit PPT injury model. L-685,458 nmr The translational potential of this article Although the structural and functional difference of knee joint between human and rabbit limit the results to be directly used in clinical, our research does offer a valuable reference for the improvement of reattachment between bone and tendon. © 2019 The Author(s).Numerous secondary metabolites from plants are important for their medicinal, nutraceutical or sensory properties. Recently, significant progress has been made in the identification of the genes and enzymes of plant secondary metabolic pathways. Hence, there is interest in using synthetic biology to enhance the production of targeted valuable metabolites in plants. In this article, we examine the contribution that metabolic flux analysis will have on informing the rational selection of metabolic engineering targets as well as analysis of carbon and energy efficiency. Compared to microbes, plants have more complex tissue, cellular and subcellular organization, making precise metabolite concentration measurements more challenging. We review different techniques involved in quantifying flux and provide examples illustrating the application of the techniques. For linear and branched pathways that lead to end products with low turnover, flux quantification is straightforward and doesn't require isotopic labeling. However, for metabolites synthesized via parallel pathways, there is a requirement for isotopic labeling experiments. If the fed isotopically labeled carbons don't scramble, one needs to apply transient label balancing methods. In the transient case, it is also necessary to measure metabolite concentrations. While flux analysis is not able to directly identify mechanisms of regulation, it is a powerful tool to examine flux distribution at key metabolic nodes in intermediary metabolism, detect flux to wasteful side pathways, and show how parallel pathways handle flux in wild-type and engineered plants under a variety of physiological conditions. © 2020 The Authors.Rodent species, such as Rattus rattus diardii and Rattus norvegicus are invasive species of wild rats that serve as potential reservoirs of important human's pathogens. Parasitic zoonosis accounts for over 60% of all human infectious diseases worldwide. This situation arises from the recent changes in the global climate and ecosystem composition, which led to the spread of rodents and rodent-borne pathogens globally. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of rodent's parasites and their zoonotic potentials in some selected areas in UPM. Rodents were captured using live-traps and euthanised for helminths and protozoan recovery. Intestinal parasites were detected and identified from stool samples using formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT), while tissue parasites were identified by histopathological examination of selected tissue sections of the liver, brain, lungs, and muscle. In this study, a total of 89 wild rats were captured. Twelve species of intestinal and tissue parasites were recorded, of which, Taenia taeniaeformis accounts for the highest infection recorded (28%) followed by Hymenolepis nana (19.
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