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Platinum-based drugs, used in treating tumors, cause numerous undesirable effects in patients, like neuropathic pain, hypersensitivity, reddening, pruritus and rash. Changes in Na+ transport modify local osmolality and contribute to the initiation of hypersensitivity and allergy. They are also associated with stimulation of C-fibres and hyperalgesia. Cl- transport is essential for regulation of sweat composition and the migration of immunocompetent cells. The aim of the conducted study was to assess the effect of a cisplatin solution on the electrophysiological parameters of the isolated rabbit skin specimens. The difference in transepithelial electrical potential (PD) and resistance (R) in stationary conditions and during 15 s mechanical-chemical stimulation (PDmin and PDmax), were measured. Measurement of R revealed that tissue samples were live, and their permeability to ions were stable. Control specimens had PD -0.22 mV (median). The PD of specimens treated by cisplatin was -0.55 mV (median), to for cisplatin and bumetanide 0 mV (median). Treatment with cisplatin did not change the continuous transport of Na+ and K+ ions, but did change that of Cl- ions. Stimulation of samples with the transport blockers of Cl-, Na+ and both induced repeatable and measurable reactions in the transport of the appropriate ions. It was shown that absorption of Na+ ions and release of Cl- ions was intensified than in the untreated specimens. It was proven in the study that cisplatin influences the Na+ and Cl- transport in the skin cells. Restoring the balance in ion flow can prevent side effects of use cisplatin-based drugs.Aerobic glycolysis is a key factor to aggravate progression of sepsis. Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT) has been proven to have favorable therapeutic effects on sepsis. Our previous study has shown that XJDHT is capable of improving survival from sepsis. In this study we investigated the effects of XJDHT on aerobic glycolysis. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included control group, model group, TAK-242 group, XJDHT (25 g/kg) group and XJDHT (12.5 g/kg) group. The contents of cytokines increased in the model group compared with control group, while XJDHT reduced expressions of cytokines. Furthermore, the expressions of TLR4, HIF-1α and PKM2 were reduced significantly in the XJDHT group compared with the model group. There were five groups, including control group, LPS group, siTLR4 group, XJDHT (4 mg/mL) group and XJDHT (2 mg/mL) group in vitro experiments. The IL-1β and IL-6 were elevated significantly after LPS stimulation in the model group, while XJDHT reduced the expression of cytokines. Protein expressions of TLR4, HIF-1α and PKM2 were increased significantly by stimulation of LPS, while XJDHT down-regulated the expressions of key molecules in the signaling pathway. To conclude, our study implies that XJDHT is capable of improving the prognosis of sepsis by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis via down-regulation of TLR4/HIF-1α/PKM2 signaling pathway.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has emerged as a global pandemic. However, as effective treatments for this disease are still unclear, safe and efficient therapies are urgently needed. Qingfei Paidu decoction (QPD)
is strongly recommended in the Chinese Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Provisional 6th Edition). However, clinical research data on the effects of QPD on COVID-19 are scarce. Our study aimed to explore the effects of combined treatment with QPD and Western medicine on COVID-19.

In this study, 63 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. During the first 14 days of hospitalization, patients with deteriorating symptoms were administered QPD along with Western medicine therapy (the antiviral medicine selected from interferon, lopinavir, or arbidol). The clinical characteristics and blood laboratory indices (blood routine, inflammatory factors, and multi-organ biochemical indices) were examined, and the total lung severity scores were evaluated in each patienns are required to confirm the results presented here.Since the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, it is now recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as more than 200 countries and territories worldwide are affected with an increasing incidence. The SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a spectrum of non-specific signs and symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic infection, to flu-like illness such as fever, cough, dry cough and fatigue, to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even multi-organ failures with high morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets that infected people exhale during incubation and onset period. #link# By 12 June 2020, over 7.5 million confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with more than 421,000 deaths in the world have been reported to the WHO. No specific medication is approved to treat COVID-19, raising the urgent need for antiviral drug development. By 12 June 2020, there are over 1000 clinical trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov for treatment of COVID-19. This review summarizes the epidemiology, virology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and particularly the antiviral drugs currently under clinical trials for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the challenges and perspectives of this disease are also discussed.Diabetes mellitus causes severe impairment in the cutaneous wound healing process, which has led to extensive research striving to establish new treatments. In this work, we describe the effects of chitosan hydrogels functionalized with either unfractionated heparin or bemiparin (a low molecular weight heparin, LMWH) as topical treatments in an experimental diabetic wound healing model. Although wound morphometry showed similar values at the end of the study, microscopic analyses revealed impaired healing in diabetic animals in terms of inflammation and tissue formation. However, both types of loaded hydrogels accelerated inflammation resolution and improved the epithelialization process, while showing a neodermal thickness similar to that of nondiabetic animals. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed an intermediate response in macrophage evolution between diabetic and nondiabetic controls in the treated groups, as well as enhanced collagenization and myofibroblast progression patterns. However, these changes were not accompanied by differences among groups in collagen I, III and TGF-β1 gene expression. Functionalized hydrogels improved diabetes-associated impaired wound healing, thus promoting the progression of the process and inducing the formation of high-quality cicatricial tissue. Although the beneficial healing effect observed after topical treatment with chitosan hydrogels loaded with bemiparin or unfractionated heparin was similar, the chitosan hydrogel loaded with bemiparin is the preferred choice as it exhibited high-quality tissue in the neoformed dermal tissue.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and manifests as a complex and dysregulated immune response. To date, there is no cure for IBD; thus, lifelong administration of maintenance drugs is often necessary. Since conventional IBD treatment strategies do not target the sites of inflammation, only limited efficacy is observed with their use. Moreover, the possibility of severe side effects resulting from systemic drug redistribution is high when conventional drug treatments are used. Therefore, a straightforward disease-targeted drug delivery system is desirable. Based on the pathophysiological changes associated with IBD, novel site-specific targeted drug delivery strategies that deliver drugs directly to the inflammation sites can enhance drug accumulation and decrease side effects. link2 This review summarizes novel inflammation targeted delivery systems in the management of IBD. BRM/BRG1ATPInhibitor1 discusses the challenges and new perspectives in this field.Despite intense research there is currently no effective vaccine available against the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the later 2019 and responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This infectious and communicable disease has become one of the major public health challenges in the world. The clinical management of COVID-19 has been limited to infection prevention and control measures associated with supportive care such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile efforts to find an effective treatment to inhibit virus replication, mitigate the symptoms, increase survival and decrease mortality rate are ongoing. Several classes of drugs, many of them already in use for other diseases, are being evaluated based on the body of clinical knowledge obtained from infected patients regarding to the natural history and evolution of the infection. Herein we will provide an updated overview of the natural history and current knowledge on drugs and therapeutic agents being tested for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. These include different classes of drugs such as antiviral agents (chloroquine, ivermectin, nitazoxanide, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab), supporting agents (Vitamin C, Vitamin D, azithromycin, corticosteroids) and promising investigational vaccines. Considering the controversies and excessive number of compounds being tested and reported in the literature we hope that this review can provide useful and updated consolidated information on potential drugs used to prevent, control and treat COVID-19 patients worldwide.
Lead acetate impairs testicular function by enhancing testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Cyperus esculentus possesses antioxidants and has shown great improvement of testicular function. link3 This study investigated the protective effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Cyperus esculentus on lead acetate-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats.

Twenty-five male Wistar rats (180-195 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5) namely Normal control (NC), Lead control (PbC) (20 mg/kg b.w. i.p.), C. esculentus-treated (CE) (500 mg/kg b.w p.o.), Pb + CE(500) (20 mg/kg of lead and 500 mg/kg of extract) and Pb + CE(1000) (20 mg/kg of lead and 1000 mg/kg of extract). Administration lasted for 21 days.

Sperm count, motility, viability, serum testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone, Johnsen's score, Leydig cell count, Sertoli cell count, testicular testosterone, B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 A1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, enzymatic antioxidant activities and total antioxidant capacity were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in PbC compared with NC. These parameters however increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Pb + CE(500) and Pb + CE(1000) compared with PbC. Lead acetate upregulated (p < 0.05) testicular malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 levels. All these parameters were downregulated (p < 0.05) in Pb + CE(500) and Pb + CE(1000) in comparison with PbC.

C. esculentus exhibited a dose-dependent mitigation of lead acetate-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
C. esculentus exhibited a dose-dependent mitigation of lead acetate-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
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