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Antioxidant along with anti-inflammatory reaction to curcumin supplements throughout hemodialysis individuals: Any randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled medical study.
As the concentrations of primary components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have substantially decreased, the contribution of secondary inorganic aerosols to PM2.5 pollution has become more prominent. Therefore, understanding the variations in and characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosols is vital to further reducing PM2.5 concentrations in the future. In this study, an ensemble back-propagation neural network model was built by combining 3D numerical models, observation data, and machine learning methods, to estimate the concentrations of secondary inorganic aerosols (SO2-4, NO-3, and NH+4) across the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in 2005 and 2015. The ensemble model provided a better estimation than the 3D numerical air quality model, with higher correlation coefficients (approximately 0.85) and lower root mean square errors. The model revealed that the concentrations of the SO2-4, NO-3, and NH+4 decreased by 1.91, 0.20, and 0.49 μg/m3, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. To investigate the oxidation and acidy of sulfate, the sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR), degree of sulfate neutralization (DSN), and particle neutralization ratio (PNR) were calculated and analyzed for 2005 and 2015 across the GBA region. The SOR slightly increased in summer, but decreased in other seasons in 2015, indicating the overall weaker sulfate chemical formation due to sulfur emission control measures. The increasing DSN and PNR indicated that more sulfate was neutralized due to reduced sulfur emission and increased ammonia availability. Our study suggests that more effort is needed to control ammonia emission to further reduce the concentrations of SO2-4, NO-3, and NH+4 across the GBA region in the future.In this paper, a new family of composite materials was prepared based on calcium alginate and metal nanoparticle-loaded zeolite omega. Different types of metal nanoparticles (MNPs), namely Cu, Co and Fe, were loaded onto zeolite omega to test the performance of the resulting metal/zeolite@alginate composites towards the catalytic reduction of methylene blue dye. To examine their application field as broadly as possible, these composite beads were also tested as antibacterial and antifungal agents against several types of bacteria. Several techniques such as XRD, XRF, FTIR, XPS, SEM and TGA were used to characterize the samples. The obtained results showed that all the composite bead samples were effective in the reduction of MB dye. The composite Co/Zeolite@ALG with relatively low Co nanoparticle (NP) content was selected as the best performing catalyst due to its reduction of MB dye being completely achieved in 3 min with a rate constant of 1.4 min-1, which was attributed to its highly porous structure. The reuse tests conducted on the best-performing catalyst showed good results which persisted through five successive cycles. For antibacterial and antifungal activities, the Cu/Zeolite@ALG and Fe/Zeolite@ALG composites showed good activity with significant inhibition zones.The participation of amyloids in neurodegenerative diseases and functional processes has triggered the quest for methods allowing their direct detection in vivo. Despite the plethora of data, those methods are still lacking. The autofluorescence from the extended β-sheets of amyloids is here used to track fibrillation of S. cerevisiae Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (Grh1). Grh1 has been implicated in starvation-triggered unconventional protein secretion (UPS), and here its participation also in heat shock response (HSR) is suggested. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) is used to detect fibril autofluorescence in cells (E. coli and yeast) under stress (starvation and higher temperature). The formation of Grh1 large complexes under stress is further supported by size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The data show for the first time in vivo detection of amyloids without the use of extrinsic probes as well as bring new perspectives on the participation of Grh1 in UPS and HSR.Cold-chain cooked rice is a widely-consumed instant food. While the quality of cooked rice as affected by processing has been widely studied, it remains largely unexplored how concurrent cold-chain conditions (e.g., refrigeration time with specific water contents) tailor the structure and starch digestibility of cooked rice. Here, as shown by combined techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering), the cold storage (1 to 3 days) of cooked rice at 1.11 w/w water-to-rice ratio increased the uniformity of the rice matrix, strengthened the nonperiodic structure, and allowed more B-type starch crystallites and short-range orders. This induced an increase in the slowly digestible starch (SDS) content (from ca. 33.7% to 38.5%) as the refrigeration time rose. In contrast, for cooked rice with 1.51 w/w water-to-rice ratio, the cold storage (mainly 1 day) strengthened the matrix uniformity and the nonperiodic structure, and eventually increased the resistant starch (RS) content from ca. 10.3% to 17.7%. The present data could facilitate the design of cold-chain cooked rice with tailored starch digestibility.In this research, a bio-based graft copolymer (LCC-g-PCL) based on the cellulose of Luffa cylindrica (LCC) main chain possessing poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) pendant groups is synthesized through a grafting from approach via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). For this purpose, LCC, extracted from luffa sponges by combined method, is utilized for ROP of ɛ-caprolactone (ɛ-CL) as a macro-initiator in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) spectroscopies are utilized to structurally indicate the success of ROP, while the achieved graft copolymer is analyzed in detail by comparing with LCC and neat PCL in terms of wettability, thermal and degradation behaviors by conducting water contact angle (WCA) measurements, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA and DSC) and in vitro both hydrolytic and enzymatic biodegradation tests, respectively. The results of conducted tests show that the incorporation of PCL groups on LCC provide the increasing hydrophobicity. In addition, the degradation behavior of the LCC-g-PCL copolymer is found to be more pronounced under enzymatic medium rather than hydrolytic conditions. It is anticipated from the results that LCC-g-PCL can be a potential eco-friendly material particularly in bioplastic industry.In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide named SP90-1 with immunostimulatory and antitumor activity was purified and characterized from Spirulina platensis. SP90-1 has a molecular weight of 63.92 kDa and mainly consists of rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal) and glucuronic acid (GlcA), followed by the minor components Fuc and Xyl. The backbone of SP90-1 was determined to be →2)-α-d-Rhap-(1 → 2,3)-α-d-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → [3)-β-d-Rhap-(1→]3, with branches at the O-3 of Rha, consisting of the side chains 4-Galp and 4-GlcpA. SP90-1 was found to significantly enhance phagocytic capacity, promote the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells, and remarkably inhibit the growth of A549 lung cancer cells. These findings demonstrate that SP90-1 could potentially be further explored for immunomodulatory biomedical applications.Wheat protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is involved in the formation of glutenin macropolymers (GMP) and the correct folding and accumulation of storage proteins in endosperm. In present study, seven types of homozygous TaPDI gene edited mutants were obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which were confirmed by PCR-RE and sequencing. Compared with other mutants and wild type (WT), the grain length and width in mutant PDI-abd-6 which was edited for the three TaPDI homoeologous genes were reduced, and the grain middle parts were slumped. The GMP size in PDI-abd-6 was not significantly different from that in WT, whereas the accumulation of protein bodies (PBs) increased during grain development. The endosperm cells became denser in PDI-abd-6 without sheet-like structure, and the expression level of TaBiP gene was significantly decreased. Particularly, the GMP content in PDI-abd-6 is also decreased significantly. The basic bread and flour rheological parameters in the mutant were negatively changed compared with those in WT. Our results indicated that TaPDI genes affects wheat flour-processing quality by the order of TaPDI-4B, TaPDI-4D, and TaPDI-4A from high to low; the expression of either one TaPDI could be enough to maintain the GMP accumulation and processing properties of wheat dough.Influenza is an acute viral infectious respiratory disease worldwide, presenting in different clinical forms, from influenza-like illness (ILI) to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Although real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is already an important tool for both diagnosis and treatment monitoring of several viral infections, the correlation between the clinical aspects and the viral load of influenza is still unclear. This lack of clarity is primarily due to the low accuracy and reproducibility of the methodologies developed to quantify the influenza virus. Thus, this study aimed to develop and standardize a universal absolute quantification for influenza A by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), using a plasmid DNA. The assay showed efficiency (Eff%) 98.6, determination coefficient (R2) 0.998, linear range 10^1 to 10^10, limit of detection (LOD) 6.77, limit of quantification (LOQ) 20.52 copies/reaction. No inter and intra assay variability was shown, and neither was the matrix effect observed. Serial measurements of clinical samples collected at a 72h interval showed no change in viral load. By contrast, immunocompetent patients have a significantly lower viral load than immunosuppressed ones. Absolute quantification in clinical samples showed some predictors associated with increased viral load (H1N1)pdm09 (0.045); women (p = 0.049) and asthmatics (p = 0.035). The high efficiency, precision, and previous performance in clinical samples suggest the assay can be used as an accurate universal viral load quantification of influenza A. Its applicability in predicting severity and response to antivirals needs to be evaluated.The present study investigates the reprogramming of plant defense system, upon interaction with MAMP (Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern) gene products including, flagellin (Flg) and elongation factor (EF-Tu) of Bacillus velezensis (VB7) and groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) in tomato (Shivam). The MAMP gene products induced the plant defense genes including, PAL, PPO, LOX, JAR, MYC2 and PDF 1.2. Secondary metabolites of Bacillus spp. at 1000 parts per million (ppm) concentration effectively reduced GBNV symptom expression in cowpea (CO7) up to 83.1 % compared to untreated, GBNV inoculated, control. The secondary metabolites from B. velezensis (VB7) and B. licheniformis (Soya 1) reduced GBNV symptoms in cowpea (CO7) up to 1.7 lesions/cm2 leaf area compared to 8.6 lesions/cm2 in virus inoculated control. Further, field study revealed that the combined application of B. learn more velezensis (VB7) and B. licheniformis (Soya1) at 1% (10 mL/L) as, soil and foliar application reduced the percent disease incidence (PDI) up to 10.
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