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Developing man-made two-dimensional scenery by way of atomic-layer replacement.
The ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has different functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 modulates gene transcription, replication and DNA repair as well as determines chromosomal architecture. When the post-transcriptional modified HMGB1 is released into the extracellular space, it triggers several physiological and pathological responses and initiates innate immunity through interacting with its reciprocal receptors (i.e., TLR4/2 and RAGE). The effect of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory activation on different systems has received increasing attention. HMGB1 is now considered to be an alarmin and participates in multiple inflammation-related diseases. In addition, HMGB1 also affects the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, most studies involving HMGB1 have been focused on adults or mature animals. Due to differences in disease characteristics between children and adults, it is necessary to clarify the role of HMGB1 in pediatric diseases.

Through systematic database retrieval, this review aimed to first elaborate the characteristics of HMGB1 under physiological and pathological conditions and then discuss the clinical significance of HMGB1 in the pediatric diseases according to different systems.

HMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
HMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
Systemic metabolic impairment is the key pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is highly expressed in adipocytes and secreted in response to lipolytic signals. We hypothesized that circulating FABP4 levels would be elevated in patients with HFpEF, would correlate with cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, and could predict clinical outcomes.

Serum FABP4 measurements and echocardiography were performed in patients with HFpEF (n=92) and those with coronary artery disease free of HF (n=20). Patients were prospectively followed-up for a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization. Compared with patients with coronary artery disease, those with HFpEF had higher FABP4 levels [12.5 (9.1-21.0) vs. 43.5 (24.6-77.4) ng/mL, P<0.0001]. FABP4 levels were associated with cardiac remodelling (left ventricular mass index r=0.29, P=0.002; left atrial volume index r=0.40, P<0.0001), left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain r=-0.24, P=0.01; E/e' ratio r=0.29, P=0.002; and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide r=0.62, P<0.0001), and right ventricular dysfunction (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion r=-0.43, P<0.0001). During a median follow-up of 9.1months, there were 28 primary endpoints in the HFpEF cohort. C75 Event-free survival was significantly decreased in patients with FABP4 levels ≥43.5ng/mL than in those with FABP4 levels <43.5ng/mL (P=0.003).

Serum FABP4 levels were increased in HFpEF and were associated with cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Thus, FABP4 could be a potential biomarker in the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF.
Serum FABP4 levels were increased in HFpEF and were associated with cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Thus, FABP4 could be a potential biomarker in the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF.The construction of multi-heteroatom-doped metal-free carbon with a reversibly oxygen-involving electrocatalytic performance is highly desirable for rechargeable metal-air batteries. However, the conventional approach for doping heteroatoms into the carbon matrix remains a huge challenge owing to multistep postdoping procedures. Here, a self-templated carbonization strategy to prepare a nitrogen, phosphorus, and fluorine tri-doped carbon nanosphere (NPF-CNS) is developed, during which a heteroatom-enriched covalent triazine polymer serves as a "self-doping" precursor with C, N, P, and F elements simultaneously, avoiding the tedious and inefficient postdoping procedures. Introducing F enhances the electronic structure and surface wettability of the as-obtained catalyst, beneficial to improve the electrocatalytic performance. The optimized NPF-CNS catalyst exhibits a superb electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, long-term durability in pH-universal conditions as well as outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in an alkaline electrolyte. These superior ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalytic activities are attributed to the predesigned heteroatom catalytic active sites and high specific surface areas of NPF-CNS. As a demonstration, a zinc-air battery using the NPF-CNS cathode displays a high peak power density of 144 mW cm-2 and great stability during 385 discharging/charging cycles, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are receiving considerable attention as economic candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. Na3 V2 (PO4 )2 O2 F (NVPF) is intensively regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for SIBs, due to its high energy density, fast ionic conduction, and robust Na+ -super-ionic conductor (NASICON) framework. However, poor rate capability ascribed to the intrinsically low electronic conductivity severely hinders their practical applications. Here, high-rate and highly reversible Na+ storage in NVPF is realized by optimizing nanostructure and rational porosity construction. Hierarchical porous NVPF hollow nanospheres are designed to modify the issues of inconvenient electrolyte transportation and unfavorable charge transfer behavior faced by solid-structured electrode materials. The individual unique nanosphere is assembled from numerous nanoparticles, which shortens the length of Na+ transport in solid state and thus facilites the Na+ migration. Hollow nanostructure hierarchically porous configuration enables adequate electrolyte penetration, continuous electrolyte supplementation, and facile electrolyte transportation, leading to barrier-free Na+ /e- diffusion and high-rate cycling. In addition, the large electrolyte accessible surface area boosts the charge transfer in the whole electrode. Therefore, the present NVPF demonstrates unprecedented rate capability (85.4 mAh g-1 at 50 C) and long-term cyclability (62.2% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 20 C).Selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes under mild conditions is important for the synthesis of high-value-added organic intermediates but still very challenging. For most of the thermal and photocatalytic systems, noble metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions are required. Herein, the synthesis and use of Ag2 S-CdS p-n nanojunctions as an efficient photocatalyst for selective oxidation of a series of aromatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes is reported. High quantum efficiencies (59.6% and 36.9% under 380 and 420 nm, respectively) are achieved in air atmosphere at room temperature. Photoluminescence and photo-electrochemical tests show that the excellent performance is mainly due to the p-n junction-enhanced charge separation and transfer for the activation of both O2 (in air) and substrates. This study demonstrates the potential of p-n junction in photocatalytic synthesis under mild conditions.Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by significant symptom burden. Integrative medicine (IM) offers unique symptom management strategies. This study describes IM interventions utilized by MPN patients and the association with symptom burden, quality of life, depression, and fatigue adjusted for lifestyle confounders. MPN patients were surveyed online for IM utilization, MPN symptom burden (MPN-Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire), fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), and a single question on overall quality of life. Measures were compared by IM participation and adjusted for alcohol and tobacco use, BMI, diet, and MPN type using multiple linear and logistic regression. A total of 858 participants were included in the analysis. Aerobic activity (p = less then 0.001) and strength training (p = 0.01) were associated with lower mean symptom burden while massage (p = less then 0.001) and support groups (p = less then 0.001) were associated with higher levels of symptom burden. Higher quality of life was reported in massage (p = 0.04) and support groups (p = 0.002) while lower quality of life was noted in aerobic activity (p = less then 0.001) and strength training (p = 0.001). A lower depression screening score was noted in those participating in aerobic activity (p = 0.006), yoga (p = 0.03), and strength training (p = 0.02). Lower fatigue was noted in those participating in aerobic activity (p = less then 0.001) and strength training (p = 0.03) while higher fatigue was noted in those participating in massage (p = less then 0.001) and breathing techniques (p = 0.02). Data available on request from the authors. This international survey of MPN patients on IM usage, has shown that patients who participated in a form of IM had a pattern of decreased levels of symptom burden, fatigue, depression, and higher QoL, as adjusted for health lifestyle practices overall.
This study is a qualitative interview study. The authors used the stimulated recall interview (SRI) with nurses working at a children's hospital in southern Sweden for the data collection. In total twelve nurses were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used for the data analysis.

The results are presented as one theme Need for higher competencies and evidence, and three categories Routines can enable pain assessment, Trusting one's own assessment of the whole picture, and Pain assessment scales as an extra workload. The interviewed nurses acknowledged that pain assessment tools are a vital part of the field of pain treatment. They also had trust issues with measuring and estimating pain by means of a tool such as pain scale. Furthermore, their opinion was that too many different tools and methods add up towards a more blurry and stress-related environment and due to a lack of consistent routines, pain assessment is seen as a work-related burden in the daily routines.

Results from the present study indicated that nurses need clear routines in combination with continued education regarding pain assessment with pain scales, which might be the key to successful pediatric pain assessment and thus to better pain management within pediatrics.
Results from the present study indicated that nurses need clear routines in combination with continued education regarding pain assessment with pain scales, which might be the key to successful pediatric pain assessment and thus to better pain management within pediatrics.Previous studies report prolonged auditory brainstem response (ABR) in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite its promise as a biomarker, it is unclear whether healthy newborns who later develop ASD also show ABR abnormalities. In the current study, we extracted ABR data on 139,154 newborns from their Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, including 321 newborns who were later diagnosed with ASD. We found that the ASD newborns had significant prolongations of their ABR phase and V-negative latency compared with the non-ASD newborns. Newborns in the ASD group also exhibited greater variance in their latencies compared to previous studies in older ASD samples, likely due in part to the low intensity of the ABR stimulus. These findings suggest that newborns display neurophysiological variation associated with ASD at birth. Future studies with higher-intensity stimulus ABRs may allow more accurate predictions of ASD risk, which could augment the universal ABR test that currently screens millions of newborns worldwide.
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