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The Effects regarding Emotional Layout in Multi-media Learning and also Appreciation associated with Oriental Poems.
001 for all). By multivariable analysis, both peak (hazard ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.21-1.85], P less then 0.001), and change (hazard ratio 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.62], P=0.002) B-lines were retained as independent predictors of outcome (hazard ratios per 1 B-line increment), along with BNP and E/e' ratio. Importantly, adding peak B-line on top of a clinical model significantly improved prognostic accuracy (C-index increase, 0.157 [0.056-0.258], P=0.002) and net reclassification (continuous net reclassification improvement, 0.51 [0.09-0.74], P=0.016), with similar results for B-line change. Conclusions Detection of exercise-induced pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with HFpEF; its use may help refining the routine risk stratification of these patients on top of well-established clinical variables.Background and purpose Previous observational studies have shown a moderately increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with high self-reported alcohol consumption. However, self-reported data tend to underestimate alcohol consumption. Phosphatidylethanol is a specific biomarker reflecting alcohol intake during the last month and correlates with the amount of alcohol consumed. The present study aimed to investigate the association between phosphatidylethanol levels and the risk of future ICH. Methods This population-based nested case-referent study was conducted within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. At baseline, all participants underwent a health examination, including a questionnaire with questions about alcohol consumption. A blood sample was collected and stored at -80°C, and phosphatidylethanol 160/181 levels were measured in packed erythrocytes. Cases (n=97) were diagnosed with a first-ever ICH between 1985 and 2007. Two referents (n=180) were matched to each case. Results The mean age at baseline was 55 years, 39% of participants were women, and the mean time from blood sampling to ICH was 7.3 years. Only phosphatidylethanol and hypertension remained independently associated with ICH in a multivariable model. Participants with phosphatidylethanol >0.30 μmol/L had an increased risk of ICH compared with those with phosphatidylethanol less then 0.01 μmol/L (odds ratio, 4.64 [95% CI, 1.49-14.40]). Conclusions High blood concentrations of phosphatidylethanol were associated with an increased risk of future ICH. This association was independent of hypertension and other risk factors for ICH. Our findings suggest that phosphatidylethanol, as a marker of alcohol consumption, may be used as a risk marker of future ICH.Crashes at intersections represent an important road safety problem. Interactions between different road user types, such as between vehicles and vulnerable road users, are a particular concern. It has been suggested driver-centric road design plays a role in crashes. A multi-road user evaluation of three novel intersection designs is described. The designs were generated using the Cognitive Work Analysis Design Toolkit, underpinned by sociotechnical systems theory. The desktop evaluation involved drivers, motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians rating the design concepts against alignment with design goals, sociotechnical systems theory and usability, and providing feedback on the positive and negative aspects. Two concepts received more positive ratings and feedback in comparison to a concept that provided more user autonomy. The evaluation results also highlight clear differences in needs across road user groups. The design and evaluation process demonstrates how sociotechnical systems values and principles can be applied in the design of public spaces.Practitioner statement This study involved a participatory evaluation of novel road intersection designs, based on sociotechnical systems theory. The results identified important differences in needs and preferences across road user groups and demonstrate the value of sociotechnical systems theory and user participation in road transport design and evaluation processes.Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been found to be important host susceptibility factors or receptors for human rotavirus (RVs) with genotype-specific host ranges, impacting the disease patterns, epidemiology, and strategy development against RV diseases in humans. However, how the glycan factors contribute to RV diversity and host ranges to different animal species remains unclear. Caspase activity assay In this study using recombinant VP8* proteins as probes to perform glycan array analyses of RVs, we observed a wide range of glycan binding profiles, including those binding to sialic acid containing glycans, among group A (RVA) and group C (RVC) RVs that mainly infect different animal species. A tri-saccharide glycan Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glc containing a terminal α-Gal was recognized by multiple RVA/RVC genotypes, providing valuable information on RV evolution under selection of the step-wisely synthesized HBGAs in many animals before they were introduced to humans to be human pathogens. Saliva binding studies of VP8* also revealed strain-specific host ranges or species barriers between humans and these animal RV genotypes, further improved our understanding on RV host ranges, disease burdens, epidemiology, and vaccine strategy against RVs.Previous research has firmly established that some individuals experience shame more frequently than others. This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore factors that are related to the experience of shame. In this study, 240 participants completed self-reported assessments of parental care and expectations, maternal attitudes toward negative emotions, peer acceptance during childhood, attachment styles, and shame management. In particular, submissive shame management strategies (self-attack and withdrawal) and negative parental experiences were correlated with frequent experience of shame. In addition, a model was developed to depict the relationship between childhood experiences, attachment styles, shame, and shame management. The results suggest that negative parental experiences are contributory factors to the experience of shame, through attachment styles. The model illustrated how shame might be developed and how it might be managed.
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