Notes

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Through the literature review, it was found that male Chinese patients with X-linked AS carried COL4A5 deletion or missense mutations had a more severe phenotype than female patients, particularly in proteinuria and impaired renal function. Compared to male patients with missense mutations, patients in whom deletion mutations were found were more likely to progress to ESRD (15.4% vs. 36.0%, P = 0.041). This study identified two novel COL4A5 mutations in Chinese families with X-linked AS, expanded the mutational spectrum of the COL4A5 gene, and presented findings that are significant for the screening and genetic diagnosis of AS.Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is becoming a common respiratory disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a powerful proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of AECOPD. Therefore, we proposed a close correlation between the TNF-α polymorphism [-308G/A (rs1800629), +489G/A (rs1800610)] and the disease progress of patients with AECOPD. Comparison of the TNF-α genotypes between the 198 AECOPD diagnosed patients groups and 195 healthy peoples suggested their significant differences of the three genotypes (AA, GA, GG) distribution for TNF-α -308 (P less then 0.05), but no differences of that for TNF-α +489. We found that patients with TNF-α -308 GA/AA genotypes showed smaller adjacent arterial diameter, thicker bronchial wall, higher bronchial artery ratio, higher bronchial wall grading, and higher frequency of acute exacerbations than those with TNF-α -308 GG genotype. Patients with TNF-α +489 GA/AA genotypes showed the same AECOPD properties as patients with TNF-α -308 except for the high frequency of acute exacerbations. Further experiment showed that the TNF-α -308 and+489 gene polymorphisms could affect the expression level of TNF-α in macrophages, suggesting the involvement of the macrophage population in disease regulation of AECOPD patients with TNF-α -308G/A and+489G/A genotype heterogeneity. selleck In conclusion, the TNF-α -308 G/A genotype was related to AECOPD susceptibility and progress, while the TNF-α +489G/A genotype was related to AECOPD progress, but not AECOPD susceptibility.
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) is one of the generally accepted surgical techniques for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. However, despite the high bone union rate, a variety of complications are still prevailing. Moreover, the current literature lacks data comparing the anterolateral MIPO approach using dynamic compression plates accommodating different numbers of screws. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical performance of comminuted humeral shaft fractures fixed with dynamic compression plates using either two or three screws per fragment.

Six pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric humeri from donors aged 66.8 ± 5.2 years were randomized to two paired study groups for simulation of bridge-plated comminuted shaft fracture type AO/OTA 12-C1/2/3 without interfragmentary bony support, using a dynamic compression plate positioned on the anterolateral surface and fixed with two (group 1) or three (group 2) screws per fragment. All specimens underwent nondestructive quaty is required.
From a biomechanical perspective, no significant superiority is identified in terms of primary stability when using two or three screws per fragment for bridge compression plating of comminuted humeral shaft fractures. However, three-screw configurations provide better secondary stability and maintain it with a higher resistance towards loss of reduction under dynamic loading. Therefore, the use of a third screw may be justified when such better secondary stability is required.
Whether patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is effective on migraine is controversial. This article was aimed at assessing the efficacy of PFO closure on migraine based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to October 2020 evaluating PFO closure versus control in patients with migraine, then conducted a meta-analysis of all RCTs and observational studies, respectively. The main outcomes were (1) respond rate complete cessation of migraine; (2) reduction in the frequency of migraine attacks per month; and (3) reduction in migraine days per month.

Seven studies (3 RCTs and 4 observational studies), containing 887 migraine patients, were identified. (1) The respond rate of PFO closure on migraine was significantly higher than control group both in RCT subgroup and observational studies subgroup (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.35-11.04,
= 0.01 in RCTs; OR 8.28, 95% CI 2.31-29.67,
= 0.001 in observational studies). (2) Reduction in frequency of migraine attacks was higher in PFO closure group compared with control group in the RCT subgroup analysis (mean difference (MD) = 0.57, 95% CI 0.23-0.90,
= 0.0009). (3) Reduction in migraine days was also higher in PFO closure group compared with control group in the RCT subgroup analysis (MD = 1.33, 95% CI 0.35-2.31,
= 0.008).

PFO closure might be suitable for migraine patients, especially for migraine with aura, by cessation of migraine headaches or reducing migraine attacks and migraine days.
PFO closure might be suitable for migraine patients, especially for migraine with aura, by cessation of migraine headaches or reducing migraine attacks and migraine days.
Although the efforts at global and national levels have attempted to decrease the COVID-19 pandemic, the low level of preparedness among healthcare providers is a challenge mainly in developing countries. Hence, this study is aimed at assessing the level of preparedness for COVID-19 and its associated factors among frontline healthcare providers in South Gondar public hospitals, northwest Ethiopia.

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 207 selected healthcare providers who were working in South Gondar public hospital from July 08 to August 29, 2020. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The healthcare providers were selected through simple random sampling techniques. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions with a 95% confidence interval were fitted with 95% CI to establish the associated factors with a low level of preparedness. A
value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The overall level of preparedness among healthcare providers for COVID-19 was found to be 41.
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