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Molecular Profiling associated with COVID-19 Autopsies Unearths Novel Condition Systems.
Many individuals may face traumatic events throughout their lives. For intimate relationship partners, early traumatic experiences can have a specific effect on their interpersonal communication. This study examined the moderating effect of traumatic experiences at early ages between perceived conflict and communication behavior among individuals in an intimate relationship. A total of 186 college students in intimate relationships reported their perceived conflict and communication behaviors with their partners three times a day for 14 days using ambulatory assessment. Findings from the multilevel model showed that a higher level of perceived conflict significantly positively associated with negative communication and negatively correlated with positive communication at the within-person level. Traumatic experiences at the between-person level moderated the within-person level associations between the dynamic perceived conflict and negative and positive communication behavior. However, the moderating effect of traumatic experiences on the association between perceived conflict and positive communication was contrary to the hypothesis. Daily perceived conflict was associated with daily communication behavior. For those with early traumatic experiences, the relationship between negative communication and conflict was stronger than for those who had not experienced such trauma.Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is a zoonotic virus that is highly pathogenic to humans. The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, is the primary host of SNV, and SNV prevalence in P. maniculatus is an important indicator of human disease risk. Because the California Channel Islands contain permanent human settlements, receive hundreds of thousands of visitors each year, and can have extremely high densities of P. maniculatus, surveillance for SNV in island P. maniculatus is important for understanding the human risk of zoonotic disease. Despite the importance of surveillance on these heavily utilized islands, SNV prevalence (i.e. the proportion of P. maniculatus that test positive to antibodies to SNV) has not been examined in the last 13-27 years. We present data on 1,610 mice sampled for four consecutive years (2014-2017) on five of the California Channel Islands East Anacapa, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Nicolas, and San Clemente. Despite historical data indicating SNV-positive mice on San Clemente and Santa Catalina, we detected no SNV-positive mice on these islands, suggesting very low prevalence or possible loss of SNV. Islands historically free of SNV (East Anacapa, Santa Barbara, and San Nicolas) remained free of SNV, suggesting that rates of pathogen introduction from other islands and/or the mainland are low. Although continued surveillance is warranted to determine whether SNV establishes on these islands, our work helps inform current human disease risk in these locations and suggests that SNV prevalence on these islands is currently very low.
The identification of the clinical target volume (CTV) is particularly important in the precise radiotherapy of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the extension margin from gross tumor volume (GTV) to CTV in primary small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) by microscopic extension (ME).

The data of 25 cases of SCLC and 29 cases of ADC from August 2015 to August 2020 were analyzed. The measurement of tumor size between preoperative thoracic computed tomography (CT) and postoperative macroscopic specimens was compared, and the ME range of tumor cells was measured under a microscope to determine its correlation with clinical features and pathological manifestations.

A total of 217 slides were examined, corresponding to 103 slides for SCLC and 114 slides for ADC. The radiologic sizes of the tumors in SCLC and ADC were 12.8 and 7.9 mm, respectively (p=0.09), and the macroscopic sizes were 12.5 and 8.5 mm, respectively (p=0.07). There was a significant correlation between the radiologic and macroscopic size of the same tumor sample (r=0.886). Compared with ADC, more SCLC tumor cells infiltrated through vascular or lymphatic dissemination (16% vs. 9%, p=0.047). The mean ME value was 2.81 mm for SCLC and 2.02 mm for ADC (p=0.012). To take into account 95% of the ME, a margin of 8 and 7.7 mm must be expanded for SCLC and ADC, respectively. The ME value of the tumor was related to the presence of atelectasis, the location of the tumor, and the Ki-67 cell proliferation index.

The GTV of the tumor was contoured according to CT images, which was basically consistent with the actual tumor size. The GTVs of SCLC and ADC should be expanded by 8 and 7.7 mm, respectively, to fully cover the subclinical lesions in 95% of cases.
The GTV of the tumor was contoured according to CT images, which was basically consistent with the actual tumor size. The GTVs of SCLC and ADC should be expanded by 8 and 7.7 mm, respectively, to fully cover the subclinical lesions in 95% of cases.Nanocarriers for encapsulation and sustained release of agrochemicals such as auxins have emerged as an attractive strategy to provide enhanced bioavailability and efficacy for improved crop yields and nutrition quality. Here, a comparative study was conducted on the effectiveness of chitosan-as a biopolymeric nanocarrier- and silver-as a metallic nanocarrier- on in vitro adventitious rooting potential of microcuttings in apple rootstocks, for the first time. Auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) loaded silver (nAg) or chitosan nanoparticles (nChi) were synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. The average particle size of IAA-nChi was 167.5 ± 0.1 nm while that of IBA-nChi was 123.2 ± 2.6 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nAg-IAA and nAg-IBA particles were measured as 93.66 ± 5 nm and 71.41 ± 3 nm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the encapsulation of IAA or IBA in the chitosan nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the characteristic peaks of IAA or IBA were detected on silver nanoparticles. In-vitro adventitious rooting of microcuttings of Malling Merton 106 (MM 106) was significantly higher both in chitosan and silver nanoparticles loaded with IAA or IBA (91.7%-62.5%) compared to free IAA or IBA applications (50.0%-33.3%), except for 2.0 mg L-1 IBA (66.7%). However, the application of 2 mg L-1 IBA and IBA-nChi at all concentrations caused an undesirable large callus development.Considering the high increase in mortality caused by cancer in recent years, cancer drugs with novel mechanisms of anticancer action are urgently needed to overcome the drawbacks of platinum-based chemotherapeutics. Recently, in the area of metal-based cancer drug development research, the concept of catalytic cancer drugs has been introduced with organometallic RuII , OsII , RhIII and IrIII complexes. These complexes are reported as catalysts for many important biological transformations in cancer cells such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) oxidation to NAD+ , reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and reduction of pyruvate to lactate. These unnatural intracellular transformations with catalytic and nontoxic doses of metal complexes are known to severely perturb several important biochemical pathways and could be the antecedent of next-generation catalytic cancer drug development. In this concept, we delineate the prospects of such recently reported organometallic RuII , OsII , RhIII and IrIII complexes as future catalytic cancer drugs. This new approach has the potential to deliver new cancer drug candidates.Both human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) are candidate seed cells for bone tissue engineering, but the osteo-differentiation ability of the latter is weaker than the former, and the mechanisms are unknown. To explore the potential regulation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), this study obtained the gene expression profiles of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs in both undifferentiated and osteo-differentiated conditions by microarray assay and then analysed the common and specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs through bioinformatics method. The results showed that 275 mRNAs and 126 lncRNAs displayed similar changing patterns in hPDLSCs and hGMSCs after osteogenic induction, which may regulate the osteo-differentiation in both types of cells. In addition, the expression of 223 mRNAs and 238 lncRNAs altered only in hPDLSCs after osteogenic induction, and 177 mRNAs and 170 lncRNAs changed only in hGMSCs. These cell-specific differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs could underlie the different osteo-differentiation potentials of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs. Finally, dickkopf Wnt signalling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) was proved to be one regulator for the weaker osteo-differentiation ability of hGMSCs through validation experiments. We hope these results help to reveal new mRNAs-lncRNAs-based molecular mechanism for osteo-differentiation of hPDLSCs and hGMSCs and provide clues on strategies for improving stem cell-mediated bone regeneration.Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) modified with native and pregelatinized normal corn and waxy maize starches was studied. Effects of starch pregelatinization and starch type on the physicochemical properties of CPC were investigated. CPC modified with pregelatinized normal corn starch (CPB-PNC) or pregelatinized waxy maize starch (CPB-PW) was evaluated by two vertebral fracture surgical models in vitro. Both granular and pregelatinized starches significantly improved the setting times and injectability of CPC, but only the pregelatinized starches improved the anti-collapsibility and compressive strength of CPC significantly. CPB-PW, whose micro-structure was compact and uniform, showed the best physicochemical properties. Rucaparib Addition of starch did not inhibit the hydro-reaction of CPC. Unmodified CPC had very poor dispersibility and could not apply in the tests of the surgical models. Pregelatinized starch especially waxy maize starch improved the dispersibility of CPC and showed good dispersion area, volume, improved pull-out force and maximum torque in the Sawbones sponge model. Similarly, in the minimally invasive kyphoplasty model, CPB-PNC and CPB-PW could disperse in the osteoporotic sheep vertebrae and improve the compressive strength of the sheep vertebral body. In conclusion, starch pregelatinization and starch botanical source affect the physicochemical properties of CPC significantly. Bone cements modified by different starches also performed differently in surgical models for osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Pregelatinized waxy maize starch may be a better candidate for CPC modification comparing to the pregelatinized normal corn starch.
Adjuvant therapy is beneficial in prolonging survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, no clear guidelines are available on the oncologic effect of adjuvant therapy in resected invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (inv-IPMN).

In total, 551 patients with PDAC and 67 patients with inv-IPMN of the pancreas were reviewed. For external validation, 46 patients with inv-IPMN from six other Korean institutions were enrolled. Propensity score-matched analysis and stage-matched survival analysis were conducted.

The mean follow-up durations in the inv-IPMN and PDAC groups were 43.36months (SD, 42.34months) and 43.35months (SD, 35.62months), respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was significantly better in the resected inv-IPMN group than in the PDAC group in the overall stage-matched analysis (P<.001). In the inv-IPMN cohort, OS was better in the surgery alone group (P=.042). In subgroup analysis, no significant survival difference was found between the adjuvant therapy and surgery alone groups according to the stage (stage I; P=.
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