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Intelligent Porous Rubber Nanoparticles along with Polymeric Coatings with regard to Sequential Combination Treatment.
2) were induced under N-deplete conditions. N-deplete roots had a higher capacity for high-affinity NO3- influx in early suberized roots than under optimal NO3-. In conclusion, NO3- depletion induced early and enhanced suberization in the roots of barley, however, suberization did not restrict transcellular NO3- transport.The chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Micromeria inodora (Desf.) Benth. (Lamiaceae) collected in western Algeria, an aromatic shrub traditionally consumed as an herbal remedy, have been characterized. Secondary metabolites were extracted using sequential extractions with solvents at different polarity, and they were determined using an integrated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) approach. The composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the aroma profile was analysed by head-space solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS. NMR and LC-MSn analyses revealed the presence of aglyconic and glycosylated flavonoids, phenylpropanoid derivatives and triterpenoid acids, mainly in the methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts. The analysis of the essential oil allowed to identify 66 components, mainly oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes (38.2 % and 32.0 %, respectively) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (10.8 %). The aroma profile revealed by HS-SPME-GC-MS was characterized by 45 volatile compounds, among which oxygenated monoterpenes appeared to be the most abundant (65.8 %), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (16.4 %) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (10.6 %). Overall, these data indicate that M. inodora could be a potential source of antioxidants and bioactive compounds, and they represent a starting point for further research on this plant species.Goji berries are used as functional food for hundreds of years in Asia, Europe, North America and Austria, and are popular for nutritive properties in global. Commercial Goji berries are mainly produced in Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia of China. However, the Goji berries produced in these regions exhibited different appearance and taste. Thus, characterization of the nutritional components in Goji berries produced in these regions could provide the guidance for application of them. In this study, 94 samples were collected, and a total of 20 amino acids, 17 nucleosides and nucleobases, 4 sugars and protein were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-ELSD or UV, and the variation was illustrated through heatmap clustering analysis, PCA and PLS-DA. The results showed that Goji berries from Xinjiang were rich in protein than the samples from other regions; those from Gansu and Ningxia were rich in amino acids, nucleosides and nucleobases; and those from Jiuquan of Gansu and Qinghai were rich in sugars. Heatmap clustering and PCA analysis results showed that all the samples exhibited a significant spatial aggregation, and the producing regions located along the Yellow River (belonging to the Hetao plain) produced Goji berries with the similar chemical profile. Additionally, PLS-DA analysis results showed that fructose and glucose were the predominant markers to distinguish Goji berries from different producing regions.Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approaches may benefit patients treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) as drug efficacy is imprecise and important pharmacokinetic variability is known. Current methods based on the analysis of plasma present the disadvantage of the fast degradation of the analytes in the liquid sample. Dried blood spots (DBS) consist of a minimally invasive and unexplored sampling strategy to monitor the levels of abiraterone (ABI) and delta(4)-abiraterone (D4A) in patients. This study presents the development and validation of a precise and accurate method to monitor ABI and D4A in DBS samples by UPLC-MS/MS. Bioanalytical method validation was carried out according to current guidelines, evaluating the impact of DBS-specific parameters such as hematocrit and spot volume on accuracy. learn more Based on the analysis of quality control samples prepared at low, medium and high concentrations, the method was precise with CV ≤ 6.97 % and 10.26 % for ABI and D4A, respectively. The method was also highly accurate, between 93.6-106.8 % for ABI and 96.0-108.5 % for D4A. The DBS method is compatible with the analysis of samples of unknown volume and hematocrit range of the studied population. In addition, ABI and D4A were stable for 7 days in DBS at room temperature, which is feasible for sample transportation in postal service and analysis in the laboratory. Method application to 16 clinical samples revealed good correlation between measured plasma concentrations and estimated plasma concentrations for ABI (r = 0.884, P less then 0.05) and D4A (r = 0.920, P less then 0.05). Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altmann plots indicated correlation between the results obtained from DBS and plasma, with a slight overestimation of the concentrations of ABI in DBS, which could be related to the small study cohort. Therefore, the results of this first work indicate that DBS consist of a promising alternative sampling strategy in TDM studies of AA.The use of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an alternative polymer that can be considered environment friendly and renewable to prepare nanoparticles of carotenoids. This study aimed to develop and characterize aqueous dispersion nanoparticles and lyophilized nanoparticles of carotenoid extract obtained from Spirulina sp. LEB 18 by nanoprecipitation, using poly d,l-lactic acid (PLA)/poly d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (7525 w/w) or PHB as encapsulants. The samples were characterized for the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, apparent viscosity, pH, color parameters, ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry, carotenoid profile, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and thermal analysis. Nanoparticles containing microalgae carotenoid extract showed average particle diameter on a nanoscale (80%) when compared to nanoparticles containing β-carotene synthetic. PHB or PLA/PLGA as encapsulating material in the production of nanoparticles from microalgae carotenoids can be a polymeric alternative capable of promoting greater stability and application of carotenoids.
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