Notes

The complete chloroplast genome of Petunia exserta (Solanaceae: Petunioideae), an decreasing in numbers decorative varieties.
The role Medical Expert was rated as highly relevant for all individual competencies. For the roles Professional, Collaborator, Communicator and Scholar, all or most individual competencies were rated at least as relevant. For the roles Leader or Health Advocate all individual competencies were rated as not relevant.

In order to improve healthcare including complementary treatment options, it is initially of great importance to impart expert and communication skills in undergraduate interprofessional training in addition to improving teamwork. The acquisition of management and consulting skills could only be given priority in a later phase of training.
In order to improve healthcare including complementary treatment options, it is initially of great importance to impart expert and communication skills in undergraduate interprofessional training in addition to improving teamwork. The acquisition of management and consulting skills could only be given priority in a later phase of training.
The evidence for the effect of remote ischemic postconditioning(RIpostC) on autonomic function in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS) is lacking and the neural mechanism underlying the protection of RIpostC remains speculative. This trial was aimed to evaluated the efficiency of RIpostC on autonomic function in AIS patients.

One hundred and six AIS patients were included in this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients in intervention group (n = 57) received 4 cycles of alternating inflation (cuff inflation to 200 mmHg) and deflation for 5 min on healthy upper arm once a day for 30 days. The control group underwent a sham inflation and deflation cycles. Autonomic function was evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV).

All HRV parameters except for the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (P = 0.101) increased significantly with time (P < 0.001) in the two groups. Brincidofovir The value of standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals(SDNN) and high frequency at day7 and day30 and the value of the percent of difference between adjacent normal R-R intervals (pNN50) at day 30 in RIpostC group was significantly higher than that of the sham-RIpostC group(P < 0.05). A significant time-by-group interaction was observed in SDNN、pNN50、and high frequency over time between two groups (P < 0.05).

30-day RIpostC could improve autonomic function in AIS patients through the enhancement of the total autonomic nerve activity and vagus nerve activity. The mechanism of RIpostC mediating autonomic function needs to be further investigated.
30-day RIpostC could improve autonomic function in AIS patients through the enhancement of the total autonomic nerve activity and vagus nerve activity. The mechanism of RIpostC mediating autonomic function needs to be further investigated.
To differentiate the effect of ginger and mustard as warming ingredients from the effect of calmness & attentiveness and thermal warmth in chest compress application.

In an exploratory, controlled, single-blinded study, we compared the effect of ginger and mustard in healthy adults.

Participants received four different chest compress types over four weeks simple dry, hot water, with ginger powder and with mustard flour.

The somatic and psychological experience of the participants was collected through psychometric measurements (list of somatic complaints (B-L), questionnaire on mental state (MDBF), 5-point-rating scale (RS) containing eight questions on the experience of relaxation and warmth) and was further complemented through qualitative interview data.

Participants (15 female and 15 male) ranged between 21-36 years (M = 27). No significant changes in the B-L could be found. The MDBF found significant change towards calmness after every application (P < 0.05). Significant improvement in mty that spread throughout the body.
The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of Nigella sativa L. supplementation on the circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA).

Systematic search was performed up to March 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality of included primary studies. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-square (I
) statistic. Data were pooled by using the random-effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size.

Twelve trials were identified to be suitable for our meta-analysis. The pooled results using random effects model indicated that Nigella sativa supplementation significantly reduced CRP (SMD -0.35; 95% CI -0.59, -0.12, P < 0.001, I
= 10.5%) and MDA concentrations (SMD -0.56; 95% CI -0.98, -0.15, P < 0.001, I
= 64.7%). Moreover, Nigella sativa supplementation increased TAC (SMD 0.48; 95% CI 0.09, 0.87, P = 0.01, I
= 65.6%) levels; however, it did not affect TNF-α (SMD -0.35; 95% CI -0.70, 0.01, P = 0.05, I
= 58.2%).

Nigella sativa supplementation is associated with improved inflammation and oxidative status. Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period.
Nigella sativa supplementation is associated with improved inflammation and oxidative status. Additional prospective studies are recommended using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period.
To assess the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EA) relative to sham electro-acupuncture (sham EA) in treating chronic severe functional constipation (CSFC).

A comprehensive search for relevant studies published between January 1, 1951 and May 14, 2020 was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Web of Science, and EMbase. Two investigators independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. The software Endnote X9 was used for screening articles, and the Review Manager 5.3 for analyzing data.

The meta-analyses involved 6 studies and 1457 individuals. The pooled results favored the EA group for the increase of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) per week in the fourth week (MD = 0.80, P = 0.001) during treatment, and further improved in the eight weeks (MD = 1.25, P < 0.001). During the follow-up period, significant changes in CSBMs per week were seen in the experimental group (MD = 1.38, P = 0.008); the upuncture points, depth of needling, intensity, and frequency of EA.
Although a considerable number of studies have illustrated the positive effects of fresh fruits on metabolic status, the impacts of fruits on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. In consideration of this issue, we aimed to systematically summarize the findings of cohort studies with respect to the link between fresh fruits and the risk of GDM.

We selected cohort studies with English language indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from 2000 to 31 January 2018. To examine the link between fresh fruits and the risk of GDM development, relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest consumption of fruits were pooled using a random effect model and the DerSimonian and Laird method.

Out of 2522 publications, finally 5 cohort studies were obtained. No significant association between fruit consumption and GDM incidence was found (Pooled RR 0.95; 95 % CI 0.84, 1.08; I
90.3 %, p = 0001). In women who consumed higher amount of fruits before pregnancy, the risk of GDM was 5% lower than in those who consumed lower amount of fruits (0.95; 95 %CI 0.91, 0.99, I
0%, p = 0.85). No link was obtained between fruit consumption during the pregnancy and GDM onset (1.18, 95 % CI 0.48, 2.91; I
94.6 %, p = 0.0001).

In women who consumed greater fruits before pregnancy, the risk for GDM was 5 % lower than those consumed lower amounts of fruits, while there was no link between fruit consumption throughout the pregnancy and GDM onset. However, due to limited studies and considerable heterogeneity, the findings must be interpreted with great caution.
In women who consumed greater fruits before pregnancy, the risk for GDM was 5 % lower than those consumed lower amounts of fruits, while there was no link between fruit consumption throughout the pregnancy and GDM onset. However, due to limited studies and considerable heterogeneity, the findings must be interpreted with great caution.In this study, a carboxymethyl chitosan functionalized graphene (CMCS-rGO) nanomaterial was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by non-covalent functionalization method. Fourier transform infrared, Raman, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that carboxymethyl chitosan had been successfully anchored on the surface of graphene. In addition, the CMCS-rGO was used as an anticorrosive nanofiller to be added to waterborne epoxy (EP) coatings to protect steel substrates. The corrosion protection behavior of all coatings was tested by electrochemical workstation, and the results proved that the incorporation of well-dispersed CMCS-rGO nanomaterials could significantly improve the anti-corrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings. Furthermore, even after 180 days of immersion, the impedance modulus value of the 0.2 % CMCS-rGO/EP at |Z|f =0.01 Hz was still approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the EP.Amylose granules hydrolyzed with 2 M hydrochloric acid for various periods of time were used to prepare amylose nanoparticles through ethanol precipitation. Value of dextrose equivalent, viscosity average molecular weight and molecular chain length distribution of the acid hydrolyzed amylose granules were determined. The precipitated amylose nanoparticles were characterized by using dynamic light scattering and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that, after 48 h acid hydrolysis, viscosity average molecular weight of amylose decreased from 3.35 × 105 to 0.336 × 105 and the amylose macromolecular chains with DP > 1000 were cut into short ones. The short chain sugar molecules derived from the acid hydrolysis were not involved in the ethanol precipitation or incorporated into the precipitated amylose nanoparticles. The length and quantity of the residual amylose macromolecular chains after the acid hydrolysis were the main factors to influence size and crystallinity of the precipitated amylose nanoparticles.A new strategy for design and development of a magnetic "smart" drug delivery system (DDS) based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was reported. For this purpose, a β-CD-(I)7 was acetylated, and then EtOx monomer was grafted onto the acetylated β-CD-(I)7 through cationic ring-opening polymerization followed by simultaneous crosslinking with amine-end capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NH2 NPs) and cystamine to produce a β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4 as a reduction- and pH-responsive magnetic DDS. The developed magnetic nanohydrogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), and its drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies, as well as its pH- and reduction-triggered drug release behaviors were investigated. The anticancer activity of the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4-Dox was investigated against MCF7 cells. According to the results, the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4-Dox can be considered as an efficient and "smart" DDS for cancer therapy and diagnosis due to its high drug loading value (∼ 74 %), slow and stimuli-triggered drug release behavior, and acceptable magnetic properties.
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