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Help-Seeking Goal throughout Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Predictors and Obstacles in Africa.
To examine contraceptive methods used by adolescent/young adult women of diverse sexual orientations.

We collected data from 12,902 females, born 1982-1995, from the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study.

Compared to heterosexuals, lesbians were half as likely to use contraceptives; other sexual minority subgroups (e.g., bisexuals) were more likely to use contraceptives, particularly long-acting reversible contraceptives.

Many sexual minority women use contraception throughout adolescence/young adulthood, though use is low among lesbians.

With limited contraception use, lesbians miss opportunities for care and need to be brought into the healthcare system in other ways.
With limited contraception use, lesbians miss opportunities for care and need to be brought into the healthcare system in other ways.Existing methods to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subclasses (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) are complex and require proficiency, and thus there is a need for a convenient, homogeneous assay to determine HDL-C subclasses in serum. Here, cholesterol reactivities in lipoprotein fractions [HDL2, HDL3, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)] toward polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes were determined in the presence of varying concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate. Particle sizes formed in the lipoprotein fractions were measured by dynamic light scattering. AT7519 We optimized the concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate before assay with PEG-modified enzymes to provide selectivity for HDL3-C. On addition of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate, the sizes of particles of HDL2, LDL, and VLDL increased, but the size of HDL3 fraction particles remained constant, allowing only HDL3-C to participate in coupled reactions with the PEG-modified enzymes. In serum from both healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes, a good correlation was observed between the proposed assay and ultracentrifugation in the determination of HDL-C subclasses. The assay proposed here enables convenient and accurate determination of HDL-C subclasses in serum on a general automatic analyzer and enables low-cost routine diagnosis without preprocessing.We developed a binary vector co-expressing firefly luciferase (FF) and Renilla luciferase (REN) to detect protein stability in response to different stimuli, and verified the functionality of the vector. The StrigoQuant-like reporter expressing FF and REN in one transcript is a sensitive tool for detecting protein abundance in different genotypes. However, we found that significant differences in the relative FF/REN ratio of empty StrigoQuant vector in different genotypes. Therefore, to determine the actual protein abundance, the relative FF/REN ratio of the protein of interest should be normalized to that of the empty vector.A sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on the resonance energy transfer (RET) was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The RET behavior could be generated between graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (m-CNNS) as donor and copper oxide@graphene oxide (CuO@GO) as acceptor, achieving the quenching effect of CuO@GO on m-CNNS for cTnI detection. The m-CNNS synthesized by mechanical grinding of the graphite carbon nitride (CN) not only has better dispersion and higher specific surface area, but also has high luminous efficiency and stable chemical properties. Therefore, m-CNNS was used as the matrix material and luminophore. As the acceptor, CuO@GO prepared by in-situ chemical synthesis of CuO NPs onto GO sheets also has a high specific surface area, which could be used as a label of secondary antibody (Ab2). Under optimal conditions, cTnI could be determined within the linear range of 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and had a low detection limit (0.028 pg mL-1, S/N = 3). Meanwhile, the prepared ECL immunosensor possessed great stability, specificity and reproducibility, providing a new method for detecting cTnI and other biomarkers.
Inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to the development of cancer. Dicarbonyl electrophiles, such as isolevuglandins (isoLGs), are generated from lipid peroxidation during the inflammatory response and form covalent adducts with amine-containing macromolecules. Thus, we sought to determine the role of dicarbonyl electrophiles in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.

The formation of isoLG adducts was analyzed in the gastric tissues of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori from gastritis to precancerous intestinal metaplasia, in human gastric organoids, and in patients with colitis and colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC). The effect on cancer development of a potent scavenger of dicarbonyl electrophiles, 5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzylamine (EtHOBA), was determined in transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice and Mongolian gerbils as models of H pylori-induced carcinogenesis and in C57BL/6 mice treated with azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium as a model of CAC. The effect of EtHOBA on mucancer chemoprevention.
The down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) protein, encoded by SLC26A3, a key intestinal chloride anion exchanger, has recently been identified as a novel susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to inflammation induced by the loss of DRA remain elusive. Compromised barrier is a key event in IBD pathogenesis. The current studies were undertaken to elucidate the impact of DRA deficiency on epithelial barrier integrity and to define underlying mechanisms.

Wild-type and DRA-knockout (KO) mice and crypt-derived colonoids were used as models for intestinal epithelial response. Paracellular permeability was measured by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays were performed. Gut microbiome analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of DRA deficiency on gut microbial communities.

DRA-KO mice exhibited an increased coloniarrier function and potential implications of its dysregulation in IBD pathogenesis.
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