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Activity, Organic, as well as Molecular Docking Studies in Several,5,Half a dozen,7-Tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene Types in addition to their Nanoparticles Focusing on Intestinal tract Most cancers.
BACKGROUND Higher tumor expression of CD44, a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in various cancers. However, the association between CD44 and poor OS remains inconsistent in glioma. We aimed to evaluate the potential predictive role of CD44 for prognosis of glioma patients in a meta-analysis. METHODS Observational studies comparing OS of glioma patients according to the level of CD44 were identified through searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. Meta-analyses were performed with a random- or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influences of study characteristics. RESULTS Eleven retrospective cohort studies were included. Results showed that increased CD44 expression in tumor predicted poor OS in glioma patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.97, P=0.04). Subgroup analyses showed that higher tumor CD44 expression significantly predicted poor OS in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) stages II-III glioma (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.53-5.89, P=0.002), but not in patients with glioblastoma (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.76-2.08, P=0.47; P for subgroup difference = 0.03). Results were not statistically different between subgroups according to patient ethnicity, sample size, CD44 detection method, CD44 cutoff, HR estimation, univariate or multivariate analysis, or median follow-up durations (P-values for subgroup difference all >0.10). CONCLUSION Higher tumor expression of CD44 may predict poor survival in patients with glioma, particularly in those with WHO stage II-III glioma. © 2020 The Author(s).Previous studies from case-control studies failed to draw reliable conclusions regarding the relationship between bowel movement frequency and the risk of colorectal cancer. To further examine this relationship, we collect the data from cohort studies that make a more accurate estimation. Several online data were searched from inception to February 29, 2020. Ten cohort studies involving 1,038,598 individuals were included in our study. The pooled results indicated that a bowel movement of less than once per day was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk (RR)= 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87-1.16, P = 0.950) compared with that of once per day. Compared with a bowel movement frequency of once per day, a bowel movement of more than once per day was also not related to elevated risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.91-1.19, P = 0.570). The subgroup analyses indicated a low or high bowel movement frequency did not increase the risk of colon cancer (RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.80-1.03, P = 0.130). However, an increased frequency of bowel movements increased the risk of rectal cancer (RR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.52, P less then 0.001). The sensitivity analysis still supports the results. No significant publication bias existed. The data from cohort indicated that less bowel movement frequency was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The frequency of bowel movement affects the risk of rectal cancer. © 2020 The Author(s).BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is important to maintaining functional independence. It is not clear how patterns of change in late-life PA are associated with contemporaneous changes in physical performance measures. METHODS Self-reported PA, gait speed, grip strength, timed chair stand, and leg power were assessed in 3,865 men aged ≥ 65 years at baseline (2000-02) and Year 7 (2007-09). Group-based trajectory modeling, using up to four PA measures over this period, identified PA trajectories. Multivariate linear regression models (adjusted least square mean [95% CI]) described associations between PA trajectories and concurrent changes in performance. RESULTS Three discrete PA patterns were identified, all with declining PA. Linear declines in each performance measure (baseline to Year 7) were observed across all three PA groups, but there was some variability in the rate of decline. Multivariate models assessing the graded response by PA trajectory showed a trend where the high-activity group had the smallest declines in performance while the low-activity group had the largest (p-for trend less then .03). click here Changes in the high-activity group were gait speed (-0.10 m/s [-0.12, -0.08]), grip strength (-3.79kg [-4.35, -3.23]), and chair stands (-0.38 [-0.50, -0.25]); while changes in the low-activity group were gait speed (-0.16 [-0.17, -0.14]), grip strength (-4.83kg [-5.10, -4.55]), and chair stands (-0.53 [ -0.59, -0.46]). Between-group differences in leg power trajectories across PA patterns were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Declines in functional performance were higher among those with lower PA trajectories, providing further evidence for the interrelationship between changes in PA and performance during old age. link2 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Cytosine intermediers 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) as epigenetic hallmarks have never been investigated in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). OBJECTIVE To examine methylation-demethylation status of global DNA in PitNET tissues and to assess its correlation with clinical and biological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alltogether, 57 PitNET and 25 corresponding plasma samples were collected. 5mC and 5hmC were investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Expression of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 1-3 (TET1-3) and Ubiquitin-like with containing PHD and RING Finger domains 1-2 (UHRF1-2) was measured by RT-qPCR. Level of 5hmC and UHRF1-2 was explored by immunohistochemistry too. Effect of demethylating agent decitabine was tested on pituitary cell lines. RESULTS 5hmC/5mC ratio was higher in less differentiated PitNET samples. A negative correlation between Ki-67 proliferation index and 5hmC, 5hmC/5mC ratio were revealed. Higher 5mC was observed in SF-1+ gonadotroph adenomas with higher Ki-67 index. Expressions of TET2 and TET3 were significantly higher in adenomas with higher proliferation rate. UHRF1 showed gradually increased expression in higher proliferative adenoma samples and a significant positive correlation was detected between UHRF2 expression and 5hmC level. Decitabine treatment significantly decreased 5mC and increased 5hmC levels in both cell lines accompanied with decreased cell viability and proliferation. link3 CONCLUSION Demethylation process negatively correlated with proliferation rate and 5hmC/5mC was higher in less differentiated adenomas. Hence epigenetic markers can be potential biomarkers for PitNET behaviour. Altering epigenome in adenoma cells by decitabine decreased proliferation suggesting that this treatment might be a novel medical treatment for PitNET. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] It is unclear how white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammatory signaling proteins respond during the early stages of overnutrition. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of short-term, high-fat overfeeding on fasting abdominal subcutaneous WAT total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling, systemic metabolic measures and inflammatory biomarkers. DESIGN Individuals consumed a high-fat (65% total energy total fat), high-energy (50% above estimated energy requirements) diet for 7 days. RESULTS Fifteen participants (age 27 ± 1 y; BMI 24.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed the study. Body mass increased following high-fat overfeeding (+1.2 ± 0.2 kg; P less then 0.0001). However, total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-κB inflammatory signaling were unchanged following the intervention. Fasting serum glucose (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), total cholesterol (+0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP; +4.7 ± 2.1 µg/mL) increased, whereas triacylglycerol concentrations (-0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L) decreased following overfeeding (all P less then 0.05). Systemic biomarkers (insulin, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and the proportion and concentration of circulating CD14+ monocytes were unaffected by overfeeding. CONCLUSION Acute lipid oversupply did not impact on total content or phosphorylation of proteins involved in WAT NF-κB inflammatory signaling, despite modest weight gain and metabolic alterations. Systemic LBP, which is implicated in the progression of low-grade inflammation during the development of obesity, increased in response to a 7-day high-fat overfeeding period. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] is a cortical visual disorder caused by unequal visual input to the brain from the two eyes during development. Amblyopes show reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and abnormal binocularity, as well as more "global" perceptual losses, such as figure-ground segregation and global form integration. Currently, there is no consensus on the neural basis for these higher-order perceptual losses. One contributing factor could be that amblyopes have deficiencies in attention, such that the attentional processes that control the selection of information favor the better eye. Previous studies in amblyopic adults are conflicting as to whether attentional deficits exist. However, studies where intact attentional ability has been shown to exist were conducted in adults; it is possible that it was acquired through experience. To test this hypothesis, we studied attentional processing in amblyopic children. We examined covert endogenous attention using a classical spatial cueing paradigm in amblyopic and visually typical 5- to 10-year old children. We found that all children, like adults, independently of visual condition, benefited from attentional cueing They performed significantly better on trials with an informative (valid) cue than with the uninformative (neutral) cue. Response latencies were also significantly shorter for the valid cue condition. No statistically significant difference was found between the performance of the amblyopic and the visually typical children or between dominant and nondominant eyes of all children. The results showed that covert spatial attention is intact in amblyopic and visually typical children and is therefore not likely to account for higher-order perceptual losses in amblyopic children.Color constancy involves disambiguating the spectral characteristics of lights and surfaces, for example to distinguish red in white light from white in red light. Solving this problem appears especially challenging for bluish tints, which may be attributed more often to shading, and this bias may underlie the individual differences in whether people described the widely publicized image of #thedress as blue-black or white-gold. To probe these higher-level color inferences, we examined neural correlates of the blue-bias, using frequency-tagging and high-density electroencephalography to monitor responses to 3-Hz alternations between different color versions of #thedress. Specifically, we compared relative neural responses to the original "blue" dress image alternated with the complementary "yellow" image (formed by inverting the chromatic contrast of each pixel). This image pair produced a large modulation of the electroencephalography amplitude at the alternation frequency, consistent with a perceived contrast difference between the blue and yellow images.
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