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Accumulating duct carcinoma: A new single-institution retrospective study.
Irrigated rice requires intense water management under typical agronomic practices. Cost effective tools to improve the efficiency and assessment of water use is a key need for industry and resource managers to scale ecosystem services. In this research we advance model-based decomposition and machine learning to map inundated rice using time-series polarimetric, L-band Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) observations. Simultaneous ground truth observations recorded water depth inundation during the 2019 crop season using instrumented fields across the study site in Arkansas, USA. A three-component model-based decomposition generated metrics representing surface-, double bounce-, and volume-scattering along with a shape factor, randomness factor, and the Radar Vegetation Index (RVI). These physically meaningful metrics characterized crop inundation status independent of growth stage including under dense canopy cover. Machine learning (ML) comparisons employed Random Forest (RF) using the UAVSAR derived parameters to identify cropland inundation status across the region. Outcomes show that RVI, proportion of the double-bounce within total scattering, and the relative comparison between the double-bounce and the volume scattering have moderate to strong mechanistic ability to identify rice inundation status with Overall Accuracy (OA) achieving 75%. The use of relative ratios further helped mitigate the impacts of far range incidence angles. The RF approach, which requires training data, achieved a higher OA and Kappa of 88% and 71%, respectively, when leveraging multiple SAR parameters. Thus, the combination of physical characterization and ML provides a powerful approach to retrieving cropland inundation under the canopy. The growth of polarimetric L-band availability should enhance cropland inundation metrics beyond open water that are required for tracking water quantity at field scale over large areas.Significant polar topside total electron content (topTEC) enhancement (PTTE) above 1,336 km altitude is reported for the first time. The results are based on GPS measurements during 2008-2019 from NASA's Jason-2 satellite with zenith-oriented antennas. The observations show increasing topTEC toward the southern polar cap at geomagnetic latitudes poleward of 65°S, where TEC values are normally very low. A case study for the 2013 St. Patrick's Day storm indicates that the enhancement can exceed 5.5 TEC units above the dayside ambient state, corresponding to 78% increase. Comparisons with COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 topTEC measurements above 800 km altitude confirm that PTTE events are observed from both Jason-2 and COSMIC on the same day. Our statistical analysis of the Jason-2 data in the southern polar region reveals that PTTE mostly occurs on the dayside, with a seasonal preference of southern summer, and preferentially during geomagnetically disturbed days but can also occur during quiet days. PTTE during storm days shows increased occurrence, magnitude, and deviation from the mean in the cusp region compared with quiet days. Our case analysis indicates that PTTE is observed simultaneously with the effect of tongue of ionization. This suggests that the during storms, dayside F region plasma moving poleward following the antisunward plasma convection may also be part of the PTTE source, and the plasma upflow driven by the polar wind may act to cause PTTE.Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 (MPC1), one of the rate-limiting proteins involved in glycolysis metabolism, has been demonstrated as a tumor inhibitor in several cancers. This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the role and underlying mechanisms of MPC2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we found that MPC2 expression was decreased in CRC samples. According to the analysis on our TMA data, lower expression of MPC2 is correlated with a higher incidence of distant metastasis and lymph node invasion, bigger tumor size, low survival rate of patients, and advanced T stages. Functionally, in vivo/vitro experiments showed that MPC2 knockdown induced CRC cell proliferation and growth, while MPC2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and growth of CRC. Further study demonstrated that MPC2 knockdown resulted in aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Similarly, MPC2 overexpression in CRC cells also caused inhibited aerobic glycolysis. Further study found that MPC2 knockdown in CRC cell lines activated the mTOR signaling pathway, and the addition of rapamycin reversed the promoting effect of MPC2 knockdown on CRC proliferation and glycolysis. Likewise, the addition of MHY1485 also reversed the MPC2 overexpression's role in hindering aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Collectively, our study established that low expression of MPC2 led to CRC growth as well as aerobic glycolysis through the regulation of the mTOR pathway in CRC cells, indicating a potential biomarker and therapy target for CRC.Neutrophil is known to critically impact the development of renal diseases (e.g., the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)), whereas the heterogeneity of neutrophils in ccRCC remains unclear. In the present study, kidney biopsies from healthy donors and ccRCC tissues were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In addition, the subpopulations of neutrophils in a healthy kidney and in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ccRCC were expressed and then analyzed. The genes reported previously were mapped to all subpopulations identified here. On that basis, biological theme comparison and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were employed to reveal and compare relevant biological functions. In a healthy kidney, neutrophils exhibit two subpopulations one is more associated with renal autoimmunity, probably acting as therapeutic target; the other is suggested to resist infectious microorganisms. It is noteworthy that six subpopulations were identified in ccRCC biopsy, and two were more relevant to autoimmunity, while the other four are more relevant to the tumor pathology. Besides, ccRCC neutrophil could resist anticancer immune therapies of ipilimumab and pembrolizumab for their low/no expressions of CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. Thus, this study can help understand the heterogeneity and pathological significance of neutrophils in renal diseases.
Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we aim to identify autophagy genes involved in DR via microarray analyses.

Gene microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs/mRNAs between normal and DR retinas. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of lncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were used to determine the related pathological pathways and biological modules. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted to validate the microarray analyses.

A total of 2474 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and 959 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the retina of DR. Based upon Signalnet analysis, Bcl2, Gabarapl2, Atg4c, and Atg16L1 participated the process of cell death in DR. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed significant upregulation of Atg16L1.

This study indicated the importance and potential role of Atg16L1, one of the autophagy genes, as a biomarker in DR development and progression.
This study indicated the importance and potential role of Atg16L1, one of the autophagy genes, as a biomarker in DR development and progression.
This study was designed to explore the intellectual landscape of research into the application of sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) in age-related diseases and to identify thematic development trends and research frontiers in this area.

Scientometric research was conducted by analyzing bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) Sci-Expanded Database dated between 1900 and 2020. Countries, institutions, authors, keyword occurrence analysis, and cooperation network analysis were performed using the CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.

A total of 348 valid records were included in the final dataset, and the number of publications and the frequency of citations have grown rapidly over the last ten years. The USA (
= 175), China (
= 42), and Germany (
= 37) were the three largest contributors to the global publications on S1P and aging, while the Medical University of South Carolina (
= 15), University of California, San Francisco (
= 13), and University of Toronto (
= 13) were the les application in age-related interventions. This study includes a discussion of the (1) historical overview of the topic; (2) main contributors journals, countries, institutes, funding agencies, and authors; (3) collaboration between institutes and authors; (4) research hot spots and zones; and 5) research trends and frontiers. This will enable scholars to understand the current status of S1P research in age-related diseases.Blink reflex provides an objective assessment of the cranial and central nervous systems. However, the relationships between body mass index, dizziness, and BR have not been explored in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, R2 duration, one of the parameters of the blink reflex, has not been studied to date. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of blink reflex in patients with T2DM. We included 45 healthy subjects and 105 hospitalized patients with T2DM. The relationships between these parameters and sex, age, body mass index, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin A1c, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN), and dizziness symptoms were analyzed. The results showed that blink reflex latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latency) were negatively associated with body mass index but were positively correlated with the duration of T2DM. There were no correlations between blink reflex parameters and sex, age, and hemoglobin A1c. Patients with DSPN had longer blink reflex latencies and shorter R2 durations than those without DSPN. Patients with dizziness had longer latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latencies) and shorter R2 durations (including ipsilateral R2 and contralateral R2 durations) than those without dizziness. R2 duration was also a predictive factor for blink reflex abnormality. R2 latency was the most sensitive factor and the optimal predictor of dizziness. These results demonstrate that patients with T2DM with low body mass index, longer duration of T2DM, DSPN, and dizziness-related symptoms had more abnormal blink reflex parameters, indicating more serious injuries to the cranial nerves or the central nervous system.
Gastric cancer (GC) is believed to be one of the most common digestive tract malignant tumors. The prognosis of GC remains poor due to its high malignancy, high incidence of metastasis and relapse, and lack of effective treatment. The constant progress in bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques has given rise to the discovery of biomarkers with clinical value to predict the GC patients' prognosis. However, the use of a single gene biomarker can hardly achieve the satisfactory specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, it is urgent to identify novel genetic markers to forecast the prognosis of patients with GC.

In our research, data mining was applied to perform expression profile analysis of mRNAs in the 443 GC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Genes associated with the overall survival (OS) of GC were identified using univariate analysis. SB273005 The prognostic predictive value of the risk factors was determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analysis. The risk scoring system was built in TCGA dataset and validated in an independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset comprising 300 GC patients.
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