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Tailor made TKA: what to anticipate where do we stay today?
Different variables were found to be significant in the proposed models.Conclusions The results suggest that the nested logit model has the highest prediction accuracy. It is concluded that the merging speed, driving ability (i.e., lane-keeping instability), and the vehicle type in the target lane affect the crash risk. Finally, the implementation of the proposed prediction model for merging assistance system is designed. The findings from this study can have implications for the design of the merging assistance system for helping drivers make safe merging decisions and thus enhancing the safety of the interchange merging area.Introduction Successful oral therapy requires sufficient intestinal absorption to enable the drug to reach its site of action. Evaluation of intestinal permeability is important for candidate selection during drug discovery and development. In vitro cell assays that correlate with human intestinal absorption serve as an alternative to more expensive and low-throughput preclinical or clinical in vivo methods to investigate a drug's intestinal permeability.Areas covered This article focuses on cell-based models utilized to predict in vivo intestinal drug permeability. This includes the utilization of the Caco-2 and other cell epithelial lines, human primary intestinal cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Additional topics include co-cultures, three-dimensional models, and microfluidic systems.Expert opinion In vitro permeability assays are utilized to predict a drug's permeability class or intestinal fraction absorbed. Newer Caco-2 co-cultures, intestinal epithelial cells, and three-dimensional models better replicate the architecture of the mucus and multi-cellular epithelium layer. Such models may result in an improved understanding of a drug's intestinal permeability mechanism(s). Nevertheless, these newer models require validation with larger sets of drugs having known intestinal absorption before they can be routinely utilized to estimate human intestinal drug absorption.OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of human force anticipation, we conducted an experimental load-pushing task with diverse combinations of informed and actual loading weights. BACKGROUND Human motor control tends to rely upon the anticipated workload to plan the force to exert, particularly in fast tasks such as pushing objects in less than 1 s. The motion and force responses in such tasks may depend on the anticipated resistive forces, based on a learning process. METHOD Pushing performances of 135 trials were obtained from 9 participants. We varied the workload by changing the masses from 0.2 to 5 kg. To influence anticipation, participants were shown a display of the workload that was either correct or incorrect. We collected the motion and force data, as well as electromyography (EMG) signals from the actively used muscle groups. learn more RESULTS Overanticipation produced overshoot performances in more than 80% of trials. Lighter actual workloads were also associated with overshoot. Pushing behaviors with heavier workloads could be classified into feedforward-dominant and feedback-dominant responses based on the timing of force, motion, and EMG responses. In addition, we found that the preceding trial condition affected the performance of the subsequent trial. CONCLUSION Our results show that the first peak of the pushing force increases consistently with anticipatory workload. APPLICATION This study improves our understanding of human motion control and can be applied to situations such as simulating interactions between drivers and assistive systems in intelligent vehicles.A novel compound, triculata A (1), and seven known compounds were obtained from the Tricyrtis maculata (D. Don) J. F. Macbr.. The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 features a rare naphtho[b,c]pyran carbon skeleton that was found in nature for the first time. Compounds 2-4, 6 and 7 showed potential vasodilatory effects with EC50 values ranging from 7.3 to 111.3 μM. Compounds 1, 3-5 and 7 possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays.Objective To determine whether an antepartum educational leaflet distributed to parents before infant delivery affected the rate of infant car-seat (ICS) use 1 month after delivery, because to the best of our knowledge, only few reports have evaluated systematic attempts to improve the rate of always ICS use by mothers driving infantsMethods A multicenter questionnaire survey targeting pregnant Japanese women seeking antenatal care at the outpatient clinics of eight hospitals was designed. Women enrolled during the first half of the study period did not receive leaflets describing ICS safety guidelines (control group). Women enrolled during the latter half of the study period received the leaflet between gestational week 35 and 37 (intervention group). All women were requested to anonymously respond to the questionnaires within 1 month postpartum. The rates of ICS use, position, and direction after delivery were compared between both groups.Results Of the 3534 women who responded to the questionnaire survey (rates after delivery.Objectives Vehicle crashes in work zones are significantly underreported in official crash datasets of many countries, including Australia. This leads to underestimations of work zone crash frequencies and limited understanding of crash causation factors. To address this important gap in the literature, this paper examines historical data from two different sources - police-reported crash data and organizational Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) records - to understand work zone crashes and their characteristics in Queensland, Australia.Methods WHS data including text fields were cleaned and coded to match police-reported crash data variables for comparative descriptive analysis of a 45-month period. involvement of a moving vehicle that collided with another vehicle, pedestrian, object, or overturned, at a work zone accessible to public traffic.Results There were more work zone crashes in the WHS data (N = 820) than the police-reported data (N = 128) and the WHS data offered a deeper understanding of incident on mobile electronic devices.Objective The main aim of this survey study was to evaluate the relative persuasiveness of three newly developed and piloted public education messages aimed at monitoring/reading social interactive technology on a smartphone among young male and female drivers. In accordance with the Step Approach to Message Design and Testing, the messages were evaluated on a number of outcome measures and also explored the influence of self-reported involvement in the target behavior.Methods Participants (N = 152; 105 F) were aged 17 to 25 years (Mage = 20.14 years, SD = 2.35) and were randomly allocated to either an intervention (one of the three messages) or control (no message) condition. The messages in the intervention group were assessed on acceptance (i.e., behavioral intention and message effectiveness), rejection, and the third person effect (TPE) differential score (i.e., the message is perceived to be more effective for others than for themselves).Results Hierarchical regression analyses found that, compared to males, females reported a) lower intention to monitor/read social interactive technology on a smartphone while driving, b) lower rejection; and, c) lower TPE likelihood, irrespective of message.Conclusions These findings suggest that young male drivers and young female drivers require different message content to be effective and support the importance of including multiple outcome measures to explain the messages' persuasive effects.Background - Hyperlipidemia is a highly heritable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). While monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia associates with severely increased CAD risk, it remains less clear to what extent a high polygenic load of a large number of LDL-C or TG-increasing variants associates with increased CAD risk. Methods - We derived polygenic risk scores (PRS) with ~6M variants separately for LDL-C and TG with weights from a UK biobank-based genome-wide association study with ~324K samples. We evaluated the impact of polygenic hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia to lipid levels in 27 039 individuals from the FINRISK cohort, and to CAD risk in 135 638 individuals (13 753 CAD cases) from the FinnGen project. Results - In FINRISK, median LDL-C was 3.39 (95% CI 3.38-3.40) mmol/l and it ranged from 2.87 (2.82-2.94) mmol/l to 3.78 (3.71-3.83) mmol/l between the lowest and highest 5% of the LDL-C PRS distribution. Median TG was 1.19 (1.18-1.20) mmol/l, ranging from 0.97 (0.94-1.00) mmol/l to 1.55 (1.48-1.61) mmol/l with the TG PRS. Comparing the highest 5% of the PRS to the to the lowest 95%, CAD OR was 1.36 (95% CI 1.24-1.49) for the LDL-C PRS and 1.31 (1.19-1.43) for the TG PRS. These estimates were only slightly attenuated when adjusting for a CAD PRS (OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.16-1.38] for LDL-C and 1.24 [1.13-1.36] for TG PRS). Conclusions - The CAD risk associated with a high polygenic load for lipid-increasing variants was proportional to their impact on lipid levels and partially overlapping with a CAD PRS. In contrast with a PRS for CAD, the lipid PRSs point to known and directly modifiable risk factors providing additional guidance for clinical translation.To understand bacterial reactions to environmental stress or infection-related processes, it is necessary to identify the involved proteins. In mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the method of choice for spectra-to-peptide-match is database search, but in recent times, spectral libraries have come into focus. Here, we built a mass spectral library from Streptococcus pneumoniae D39, reflecting 76% of the theoretical proteome of the organism. Besides the proteins themselves, posttranslational protein modifications especially reveal central hubs of regulation in bacterial pathogenesis. Here, for example, phosphorylation events are involved in the signal transduction and regulation of virulence. Although there have been major advances in phosphoproteomics, identification of this modification is still challenging. To enhance the number of phosphorylated peptides, which can be reproducibly detected, a comprehensive mass spectral library of the S. pneumoniae D39 phosphoproteome has been compiled in addition to the comprehensive total proteome mass spectral library. The phosphopeptide library was manually validated, and the data quality was additionally proven by analyses of synthetic phosphorylated peptides. In total, 128 phosphorylated proteins were revealed, of which many are involved in glycolysis, purine metabolism, protein biosynthesis, and virulence. The publicly available, thoroughly validated spectral libraries are an excellent resource to improve and speed up future investigations on the proteome and phosphoproteome of pneumococci.Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, effective therapeutic strategies have not yet been discovered. Several studies have shown that tanshinone IIA (TIIA), which is extracted from the traditional herbal medicine plant Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), has potential activity against many kinds of cancer. Our previous research demonstrated that TIIA can induce cell death in gastric cancer. However, the exact signaling pathway response is still unclear. Post-translational modification (PTM) plays a significant role in a wide range of physiological processes in cancer, via regulation of both signal transduction cascades and many cellular pathways. Here, we integrated multilayer omics-transcriptomics and dynamic phosphoproteomics-to elucidate the regulatory networks triggered by TIIA in gastric cancer. We identified the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) at serine 82 in response to TIIA, which caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and unfolded protein response (UPR).
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