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Analytic ways to care for lowering the matrix result to the sphingolipidome quantification in whole blood vessels.
The findings of current study propose that H2S improved stress tolerance and mitigated Cd stress in B. rapa by modulating growth biomarkers and antioxidative system.In this work, the decomposition of phenanthrene (PHE) in mimic and real soil washing (SW) effluents was investigated using UVB light assisted activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation processes. The impact of oxidant concentration, initial pH, and coexisting inorganic anions (Cl-, HCO3- and NO3-) on PHE removal was evaluated. PHE degradation efficiency under UVB irradiation followed the order of UVB/PDS > UVB/H2O2 > UVB. The increase of PHE decomposition efficiency was observed with increasing oxidant dose in the range of 2-30 mM upon the two processes. It was found Cl- played different roles in the two activation systems depending on the solution pH and Cl- concentration. The influence of HCO3- on PHE elimination was negligible in the UVB/PDS process, while an inhibitory effect was observed in the UVB/H2O2 system. Nitrate inhibited the PHE decay in both UVB/H2O2 and UVB/PDS processes at the investigated pH 3.3, 7.1 and 8.6. Finally, the application of the two activation processes to the treatment of real SW effluents indicated that up to 85.0% of PHE degradation could be reached under 6 h UVB irradiation with PDS, indicating UVB/PDS process is a promising alternative for SW effluent treatment.Catalytic membrane plays an important role in environmental remedy. In this study, we reported an Ag coated membrane (PAN-Si-Cu-Ag) with a high catalytic activity to reduce 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and methyl orange (MO) from water. The best performance is 99% reduction degree and 280 L m-2.h-1.bar-1 flux for (4-NP) reduction at 4-NP NaBH4 = 150 (mM) during a 12-h filtration. The reduction degree for MO is above 90% and the flux is about 230 L m-2·h-1·bar-1, which is almost the best report till now. The Ag coated membrane was prepared by metal displacement-epitaxial growth on silica covalent grafted PAN membrane (PAN-Si). Silica atoms were used as linker to ensure the good adhesion between polymer and metal NPs, the loss amount of Ag NPs from the coated catalytic membrane is loss about 2 μg/cm2 after one month storage. Cheap metal NPs were firstly reduced on the surface of PAN-Si membrane and then used to displace Ag ions. Thus the obtained catalytic membrane showed a very high loading (28%). Finally, the catalytic filtration mechanism of 4-NP was distinguished by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adsorption measurement.In this study, the effects of UV/chlorine pretreatment on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling derived from different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) were studied and compared. Three model organic compounds including humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were employed to represent different NOM fractions in natural surface water. The results suggest that membrane fouling induced from HA, SA and HA-SA-BSA mixture could be effectively mitigated by UV/chlorine pretreatment, which could be further improved by increasing the chlorine dose. Although UV irradiation alone severely aggravated BSA fouling, the addition of chlorine (0.0625 mM) to the pretreatment process could effectively avoid the fouling. The alleviation of membrane fouling is primarily ascribed to the reduction of molecular weight (MW) of organic compounds, and the decomposition of unsaturated organic species, thereby reducing the accumulation of organics on the membrane surface and pores. This is confirmed by the reduction of UV254 and fluorescent components in the feed solution and the increase of DOC in the permeate after UV/chlorine pretreatment. Membrane fouling during the filtration of untreated HA, SA, and HA-SA-BSA mixture was occupied by cake filtration and intermediate pore blocking, while UV/chlorine pretreatment led to the exacerbation of pore blocking at the initial filtration stage. The initial fouling mechanism of untreated BSA was mainly governed by complete blocking, which shifted to intermediate pore blocking after UV/chlorine pretreatment.Cobalt doped iron oxychloride (Co-FeOCl) was synthesized and employed as catalyst in Fenton degradation of paracetamol (APAP) and phenacetin (PNCT) for the first time. The catalytic performance was evaluated by means of various parameters including catalyst load, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dose and pH value. The high removal of APAP (87.5%) and PNCT (76.0%) was obtained under conditions of 0.2 g/L Co-FeOCl and 0.5 mM H2O2 at pH 7.0, with calculated pseudo-first order kinetic constants of 0.031 min-1 for APAP and 0.023 min-1 for PNCT. Particularly, quenching tests and in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) tests were employed for the identification of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in system. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (O2-·) were the primary ROS in Co-FeOCl/H2O2 system. A possible mechanism for H2O2 activation by Co-FeOCl catalyst was proposed as well. Finally, the formation of typical disinfection by-products (DBPs) decreased slightly in Co-FeOCl/H2O2 pre-oxidation. However, stability and reusability of Co-FeOCl were deactivated in the consecutive three cycles.To the best of our knowledge, in few studies, biochar (BC)-based materials have been used as the photocatalyst for water purification, and their application is limited to a great extent due to catalyst agglomeration and inefficient electron migration. In this study, a novel Bi2WO6 loaded N, S co-doping corn straw biochar (Bi2WO6/NSBC) was successfully synthesized with a simple solvothermal method for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation. The Bi2WO6/NSBC was featured with efficient and rapid catalytic removal toward CIP (5 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (10 mg/L), with efficiencies of ∼90.33% and ∼99.86% within 75 min, respectively. click here More attractively, this composite can be applied in a wide pH range (3.0-9.0) and with weak effects by coexisting ions (Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, and Ca2+). The facile synthesized porous graphitized structure demonstrates an outstanding performance of superior conductivity and promoted photoelectron transport. Meanwhile, it is found that N, S co-doping of the BC induces highly interconnected fibrous structures, high catalytic property, and favorable specific surface areas, which is considered to avoid agglomeration of Bi2WO6. The increased photocatalytic activity results from the synergistic effects of Bi2WO6 and NSBC by the optimized band gap and enhanced visible light response, due to higher migration and utilization efficiency of photoinduced carriers in photocatalytic reactions. In this approach, a cheap catalyst is provided, and at the same time, a synergistic effect of N, S co-doping is formed to rapidly remove contaminants in wastewater treatment.Phytoremediation technology has been applied for heavy metal elimination for many years, however little research about the difference of remediation efficiency of hyperaccumulator in different soils was reported. Here, a pot experiment was conducted with a cadmium (Cd)/zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance grown on different types of soils and the differences of its endophytic bacterial community were elucidated. The results showed that the biomass of S. alfredii grown on black soil under both low and high Cd treatment was much heavier than that grown on other soils, and Cd uptake and Cd accumulation of S. alfredii in paddy soil was the highest, suggesting that black soil was more suitable for S. alfredii growth while paddy soil was more efficient for Cd phytoextraction. Moreover, Cd treated level and soil type both affected the structure of plant endophytic bacterial community. The two shared genera in the four representative soils were Caulobacter and Acinetobacter under low Cd level, and Caulobacter and Lactobacillus under high Cd level. Cd treatment shifted the structure and abundance of plant endophytes in different types of soils, while black soil and paddy soil were more similar in the distribution and abundance of S. alfredii endophytic community. This study highlighted the understanding of response to Cd within S. alfredii endophytic community in different types of soils, which could be beneficial for enhanced phytoremediation efficiency and better S. alfredii cultivation.Ozonation is a well-known and widely applied advanced oxidation process (AOP) for industrial wastewater treatment, while the ozonation efficiency might be limited by low mass transfer, poor solubility, and rapid decomposition rate of ozone molecules in the aqueous phase. The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of combined microbubble-catalytic ozonation process (M-O3/Fe/GAC) for improving the ozonation efficiency during treatment of petrochemical wastewater (PCW). M-O3/Fe/GAC process optimization was carried out with different pH conditions, ozone dosages and catalyst loadings. The optimum operating conditions were identified as 50 mg L-1 ozone dosage, real PCW pH (7.0-7.5) and 4 g L-1 catalyst loading. Among different ozonation processes, M-O3/Fe/GAC process achieved the highest chemical oxidation demand (COD) removal efficiency of 88%, which is 18% and 43% higher than those achieved by the microbubble and macrobubble ozonation processes, respectively. Phenolic compounds presented in PCW could be reduced by 63% within 15 min in M-O3/Fe/GAC treatment process. Long-term continuous flow studies suggested M-O3/Fe/GAC process to be the most cost-effective technology for PCW treatment with an operating cost of S$0.18 kg-1 COD and S$0.4 m-3 with good catalyst stability. Liquid size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) data suggested humic substances to be the dominant organic species in PCW, M-O3/Fe/GAC could achieve significant humic substances removal and biodegradability enhancement in PCW. Kinetics and mechanism studies revealed that organics removal in M-O3/Fe/GAC was 1.8 times higher than that in microbubble ozonation process, and hydroxyl radical (●OH) was the dominant oxidant specie for organics removal in M-O3/Fe/GAC process.The variation in ambient air quality during COVID-19 lockdown was studied in Chandigarh, located in the Indo-Gangetic plain of India. Total 14 air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), trace gases (NO2, NO, NOx, SO2, O3, NH3, CO) and VOC's (benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene) were examined along with meteorological parameters. The study duration was divided into four parts, i.e., a) 21 days of before lockdown b) 21 days of the first phase of lockdown c) 19 days of the second phase of lockdown d) 14 days of the third phase of lockdown. The results showed significant reductions during the first and second phases for all pollutants. However, concentrations increased during the third phase. The concentrations of SO2, O3, and m,p-xylene kept on increasing throughout the study period, except for benzene, which continuously decreased. The percentage decrease in the concentrations during consecutive periods of lockdown were 28.8%, 23.4% and 1.1% for PM2.5 and 36.8%, 22.8% and 2.4% for PM10 respectively. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and characteristic ratios identified vehicular pollution as a primary source during different phases of lockdown. During the lockdown, residential sources showed a significant adverse impact on the air quality of the city. Regional atmospheric transfer of pollutants from coal-burning and stubble burning were identified as secondary sources of air pollution. The findings of the study offer the potential to plan air pollution reduction strategies in the extreme pollution episodes such as during crop residue burning period over Indo-Gangetic plain.
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