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Cytokine-induced killer tissue successfully eliminate stem-like cancer malignancy cells involving nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the NKG2D-ligands identification.
04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07), perineural invasion (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.13-4.23), and elevated preoperative chromogranin level (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.01-5.27). CONCLUSIONS Age at diagnosis, perineural invasion, and elevated preoperative chromogranin level may play a prognostic role in PFS.OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered to be well tolerated by laboratory animals. However, no systematic study has been performed yet, proving this assumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of longitudinal native and contrast-enhanced (CE) 1-T and 7-T MRI examinations on mouse welfare as well as 4T1 breast cancers progression and therapy response. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-seven healthy and 72 breast cancer-bearing mice (4T1) were investigated. One-Tesla (ICON) and 7-T (Biospec) MRI measurements were performed thrice per week under isoflurane anesthesia in healthy BALB/c mice for 4 weeks and 3 times within 2 weeks in tumor-bearing animals. Animal welfare was examined by an observational score sheet, rotarod performance, heart rate measurements, and assessment of fecal corticosterone metabolites. Furthermore, we investigated whether CE-MRI influences the study outcome. Therefore, hemograms and organ weights were obtained, and 4T1 tumor growth, perfusion, immune cell infiltration, as well as response to the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib were investigated. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of variance and Tukey or Bonferroni post hoc tests. RESULTS Mice showed no alterations in the observational score sheet rating, rotarod performance, heart rate, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (P > 0.05) after repeated MRI at both field strengths. However, spleen weights were reduced in all healthy mouse groups that received isoflurane anesthesia (P 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated MRI did not influence the welfare of mice and did not affect tumor growth and therapy response of 4T1 tumors. However, systemic immunological effects of isoflurane anesthesia need to be considered to prevent potential bias.Not only for cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) patients but also for advanced and therapy-refractory patients with classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-KS) there is a high need for more effective treatment modalities. The aim of this work was to study programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression and related immune parameters in CKS, HIV-KS, and CAS and correlate it with other immunologic parameters and clinical data. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of 19 CKS, 7 HIV-KS, and 12 CAS patients using antibodies against the following (and they are) PD-1, PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD56, and FOXP3. PD-1 expression significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression significantly correlated with CD56 and FOXP3 expression. High intratumoral FOXP3 expression was significantly associated with disease relapse (P=0.029). CD4 and FOXP3 expression was significantly higher in CKS and CAS, as compared with HIV-KS. All in all, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was relatively weak and did not significantly differ between CKS, HIV-KS, and CAS patients. learn more Nevertheless, PD-1 was positive in 31.6% of CKS, 28.6% of HIV-KS, and 33.3% of CAS patients. PD-L1 was expressed in 36.6% of CKS, 28.6% of HIV-KS, and 41.7% of CAS patients. We have provided evidence that PD-1/PD-L1 signalling is of importance in angiosarcomas such as CKS, HIV-KS, and CAS. Our results support the notion that the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may represent an effective strategy against these tumors.da Silva Novaes, J, da Silva Telles, LG, Monteiro, ER, da Silva Araujo, G, Vingren, JL, Silva Panza, P, Reis, VM, Laterza, MC, and Vianna, JM. Ischemic preconditioning improves resistance training session performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X) 000-000, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men. Sixteen recreationally trained and normotensive men completed 3 RE sessions in a counterbalanced and randomized order (a) IPC protocol using 220 mm Hg followed by RE (IPC), (b) IPC cuff control protocol with 20 mm Hg followed by RE (CUFF), and (c) no IPC (control) followed by RE (CON). RE was performed with 3 sets of each exercise (bench press, leg press, lateral pulldown, hack machine squat, shoulder press, and Smith back squat) until concentric muscular failure, at 80% of one repetitios during a single RE session. Therefore, performing IPC before RE could be an important exercise prescription recommendation to increase maximum repetition performance and total volume of work performed and thus potentially increase desired training adaptations (i.e., strength and hypertrophy).PURPOSE To determine age-dependent cutoff values for secondary exhaustion criteria for a general population free of exercise limiting chronic conditions; to describe the percentage of participants reaching commonly-used exhaustion criteria during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); and to analyze their oxygen uptake at the respective criteria in order to quantify the impact of a given criterion on the respective V[Combining Dot Above]O2 values. METHODS Data from the COmPLETE-Health Study were analyzed involving participants from 20-91 years of age. All underwent a CPET to maximal voluntary exertion using a cycle ergometer. To determine new exhaustion criteria, based on maximal respiratory exchange ratio (RERmax) and age-predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR), one-sided lower tolerance intervals for the tests confirming V[Combining Dot Above]O2 plateau status were calculated using a confidence level of 95% and a coverage of 90%. RESULTS A total of 274 males and 252 females participated in the study. Participants were nearly equally distributed across age decades from 20 to >80. A V[Combining Dot Above]O2 plateau was present in 32%. There were only minor differences in secondary exhaustion criteria between participants exhibiting a V[Combining Dot Above]O2 plateau and participants not showing a V[Combining Dot Above]O2 plateau. New exhaustion criteria according to the tolerance intervals for the age group of 20 to 39 years were RERmax ≥ 1.13, APMHR210 ≥ 96%, and APMHR208 93%; for the age group of 40 to 59 years RERmax ≥ 1.10, APMHR210 ≥ 99%, and APMHR208 92%; and, for the age group of 60 to 69 years RERmax ≥ 1.06, APMHR210 ≥ 99%, and APMHR208 89%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed cut-off values for secondary criteria reduce the risk of underestimating V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Lower values would increase false-positive results, assuming participants are exhausted although, in fact, they are not.
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