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Dietary patterns from the Avon Longitudinal Research of fogeys and Children.
Nitrogen (N) deposition from agriculture and combustion of fossil fuels is a major threat to plant diversity, but its effects on organisms at higher trophic levels are unclear. We investigated how N deposition may affect species richness and abundance (number of individuals per species) in butterflies. We reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on variables used to explain spatial variation in butterfly species richness and found that vegetation variables appeared to be as important as climate and habitat variables in explaining butterfly species richness. It thus seemed likely that increased N deposition could indirectly affect butterfly communities via its influence on plant communities. To test this prediction, we analyzed data from the Swiss biodiversity monitoring program for vascular plants and butterflies in 383 study sites of 1 km2 that are evenly distributed throughout Switzerland. The area has a modeled N deposition gradient of 2-44 kg N ha-1 year-1 . We used traditional linear models and structural equation models to infer the drivers of the spatial variation in butterfly species richness across Switzerland. High N deposition was consistently linked to low butterfly diversity, suggesting a net loss of butterfly diversity through increased N deposition. We hypothesize that at low elevations, N deposition may contribute to a reduction in butterfly species richness via microclimatic cooling due to increased plant biomass. At higher elevations, negative effects of N deposition on butterfly species richness may also be mediated by reduced plant species richness. In most butterfly species, abundance was negatively related to N deposition, but the strongest negative effects were found for species of conservation concern. We conclude that in addition to factors such as intensified agriculture, habitat fragmentation, and climate change, N deposition is likely to play a key role in negatively affecting butterfly diversity and abundance.Inorganic-organic hybrid molecular multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials, similar to multiferroic oxide compounds, have recently attracted increasing attention because they exhibit diverse architectures, a flexible framework, fascinating physics, and potential magnetoelectric functionalities in novel multifunctional devices such as energy transformation devices, sensors, and information storage systems. Herein, the classification of multiferroicity and magnetoelectricity is briefly outlined and then the recent advances in the multiferroicity and magnetoelectricity of inorganic-organic hybrid molecular materials, particularly magnetoelectricity and the relevant magnetoelectric mechanisms and their categories are summarized. In addition, a personal perspective and an outlook are provided.
The general utility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is challenged by its poor robustness to imaging artifacts and thermal noise that often lead to implausible kurtosis values.

A robust scalar kurtosis index can be estimated from powder-averaged diffusion-weighted data. We introduce a novel DKI estimator that uses this scalar kurtosis index as a proxy for the mean kurtosis to regularize the fit.

The regularized DKI estimator improves the robustness and reproducibility of the kurtosis metrics and results in parameter maps with enhanced quality and contrast.

Our novel DKI estimator promotes the wider use of DKI in clinical research and potentially diagnostics by improving the reproducibility and precision of DKI fitting and, as such, enabling enhanced visual, quantitative, and statistical analyses of DKI parameters.
Our novel DKI estimator promotes the wider use of DKI in clinical research and potentially diagnostics by improving the reproducibility and precision of DKI fitting and, as such, enabling enhanced visual, quantitative, and statistical analyses of DKI parameters.DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an essential physiological process for correcting mutations occurring during DNA replication. Deficient MMR (dMMR) leads to increased tumour mutational burden, with a heightened risk of neoplasia. Demonstration of dMMR via the immunohistochemical assessment of MMR proteins is useful when screening for inherited cancer syndromes (especially Lynch syndrome) and for the prediction of clinical cancer response to conventional chemotherapy and novel immunotherapies. Identification of dMMR may also be helpful in other situations e.g. when considering a diagnosis of conventional dysplasia in sessile serrated lesions of the large intestine. This article provides a practical illustrated guide to DNA MMR interpretation, using a series of clinical examples.
This study determined the differences in emotional states, sleep and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between patients with pain-related and intra-articular Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and associated emotional symptoms with sleep and OHRQoL.

Participants were recruited from a tertiary TMDs referral centre. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Oral Health Impact Profile-TMDs (OHIP-TMDs) were used to assess emotional states, sleep and Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), respectively. TMD-related and sociodemographic data were also gathered. Patients were divided into pain-related (PT), intra-articular (IT) and combined TMDs (CT) groups based on the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analysis with the significance level set at P<.05.

Data from 1079 participants with a mean age of 29.6±14.2years were appraised (93.3% response rate). The severity/prevalence of emotional distress, impaired sleep and OHRQoL of the PT/CT groups were higher than the IT group. Moderate-to-strong inter-relationships between emotional, sleep and OHRQoL variables were more explicit for participants with painful TMDs. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that painful TMDs were associated with higher stress and poorer OHRQoL with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.482 (95% CI 1.039-2.114) and 6.502 (95% CI 3.201-13.210), respectively.

Painful TMDs are associated with higher levels of emotional distress, sleep and OHRQoL impairments. Routine evaluation of the biopsychosocial distress, especially stress and life quality, is necessary for patients with painful TMDs.
Painful TMDs are associated with higher levels of emotional distress, sleep and OHRQoL impairments. Routine evaluation of the biopsychosocial distress, especially stress and life quality, is necessary for patients with painful TMDs.Colon rectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest malignancy in developed countries and a significant cause of mortality. Tenofovir reportedly reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and interferes with cell cycle and cell proliferation. The current study investigated the potential antitumor effect of tenofovir against experimentally induced CRC. CRC was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg, once a week) and high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. Rats received tenofovir at a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg (i.p.) for 24 weeks. Tenofovir-25 failed to significantly decrease the total number of dysplasia, adenoma and adenocarcinoma and to improve histopathological changes; however, tenofovir-50 resulted in no tumors seen in the colon lumen and a significant decrease in the total number of dysplasia and no adenoma or adenocarcinoma observed compared to DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-25 failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced cell proliferation, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly decreased cell proliferation revealed by the decreased PCNA expression. Tenofovir-25 also failed to attenuate DMH/HFD-induced oxidative stress, whereas tenofovir-50 significantly attenuated oxidative stress as indicated by the decreased MDA concentration and SOD activity along with the increased GSH concentrations. Moreover, tenofovir-50 decreased Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 expressions in colon tissues compared with DMH/HFD group. Tenofovir-50 also significantly decreased INF-ɤ concentration in colon tissues. These findings suggest that the high dose of tenofovir (50 mg/kg) has antitumor potential against DMH/HFD-induced CRC, which might be mediated through the inhibition of cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Prospective motion correction (PMC) and retrospective motion correction (RMC) have different advantages and limitations. The present work aims to combine the advantages of both for rigid body motion, aiming at correcting for faster motions than was previously achievable. Additionally, it provides insights into the effects of motion on pulse sequences and MR signals with a goal of further improving motion correction in the future.

The effective encoding trajectory and a global phase offset in a moving object are calculated based on complete gradient waveforms of an arbitrary sequence and a continuous motion model. These data are used to feed the forward signal model, which is then used in iterative image reconstruction to suppress the artifacts still present after the PMC.

Verification experiments with a rotation phantom and in vivo were performed. Predictions of simulated motion artifacts for PMC based on sequence waveforms are very accurate. The performance at combined PMC+RMC is limited by Nyquist violations in the sampled k-space and can be compensated by oversampling.

The combined correction results in better images than pure PMC in the presence of fast motion. The predictions of artifacts are very accurate, allowing for comparing sequences or protocols in simulations. The observed artifacts due to Nyquist violations are expected to be corrected by utilizing parallel imaging.
The combined correction results in better images than pure PMC in the presence of fast motion. The predictions of artifacts are very accurate, allowing for comparing sequences or protocols in simulations. The observed artifacts due to Nyquist violations are expected to be corrected by utilizing parallel imaging.Methotrexate-induced epidermal necrosis (MEN) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication. We present two pediatric oncology patients, a 5-year-old girl and a 3-year-old boy, who developed MEN from high-dose methotrexate therapy for pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Following administration of systemic methotrexate, the patients developed erythematous lesions with subsequent skin erosions. Pre-medication with systemic corticosteroids and administration of folinic acid rescue following the methotrexate infusion allowed both patients to resume their chemotherapy regimen with methotrexate.For the last three decades, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Gaucher disease (GD) has been available. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-885.html We aimed to evaluate the effect of ERT on the pregnancy and obstetric outcome in a unique group of multiparous women with type 1 GD (GD1) who had pregnancies with and without ERT. The Gaucher Unit database (1987-2019) was searched for multiparous women who had pregnancies before and after the institution of ERT. Data were collected from the clinic files and study-specific questionnaires. Descriptive, correlation analysis and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to study the effect of ERT and confounding variables on study outcomes. We identified 19 women with 105 pregnancies, among which 26 (24.7%) terminated in first-trimester miscarriage. The risk for miscarriage was associated with the severity of GD1 genotype and phenotype, but not with ERT usage. Early postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was reported in 16 (84%) women after 25 deliveries (31.6%, 95% CI 21.6%-43.1%). The risks of early PPH and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were significantly lower when ERT was used during pregnancy, OR (95% CI) 0.
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