Notes

Fast Leak-Proof, Intraumbilical, Single-Incision Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy regarding Enormous Ovarian Masses: "Hybrid Cystectomy along with Reimplantation" Technique.
Pb increased expression of HSPs (27, 40, 60, 70 and 90). Meanwhile Pb induced autophagy through up-regulation of autophagy-related proteins 5, Beclin 1, Dynein, light chain 3 (LC3)-I and LC3-II and down-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin in two type cells of chicken. However, Se intervention mitigated the aforementioned alterations caused by Pb. In conclusion, Pb led to oxidative stress, which triggered heat shock response and autophagy; Se administration mitigated reproductive toxicity of Pb through strengthening antioxidant defense in the spermatogonia and Leydig cell of chicken.One of the fundamental objectives in modern ecology is to decipher how bacterial communities in natural environment respond to anthropogenic activities. In recent times consequences of marine pollution, especially with heavy metals (HMs) have received increasing attention. However, insights into the response of bacterial communities to HMs in coastal sediments of India remain scarce. Here, we analyzed HMs content in three areas, along the southern coastal region of India. Based on the calculated pollution indices viz., enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the studied areas were classified as uncontaminated, moderately contaminated and significantly contaminated. To explore the response of bacterial community to HMs, sediment-associated microbiota was investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The obtained metataxonomic results revealed that bacterial diversity and community composition varied considerably in significantly contaminated area than moderately contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Proportion of bacterial classes was higher for Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, but lower for Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia in significantly contaminated area. Also, samples of significantly contaminated area were dominated by well-documented metal-resistant bacterial genera such as Ralstonia and Arthrobacter. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that spatial variability of bacterial community composition was strongly correlated with HMs content such as Chromium, Cadmium and Nickel. Further analysis using PICRUSt programme indicated that the predictive functional profile also varied considerably in significantly contaminated area. By linking HMs with bacterial compositional variations, the present study highlights the likely influence of HMs in shaping sedimentary microbiota of coastal regions.In the last decade, extensive studies have been conducted to quantify the influence of different factors on potentially toxic elements (PTE) bioaccessibility in soil; one of the most important is soil size fraction. However, there is no agreement about the size fraction and the methods to investigate bioaccessibility, as very few review articles are available on soil PTE bioaccessibility and none addressed the influence of particle size on PTE bioaccessibility. This study provides a review of the relations between PTE bioaccessibility and soil particle size fractions. The available research indicates that PTE bioaccessibility distribution across different size fractions varies widely in soil, but a general trend of higher bioaccessibility in finer size fraction was found. The different elements may exhibit different relationships between bioaccessibility and soil size fraction and, in some cases, their bioaccessibility seems to be more related to the source and to the chemico-physical form of PTE in soil. Often, soil pollution and related health risk are assessed based on PTE total concentration rather than their bioaccessible fraction, but from the available studies it appears that consensus must be pursued on the methods to determine PTE bioaccessibility in the fine soil size fractions to achieve a more accurate human health risk assessment.Arsenic (As) toxicity can be a hazardous threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. Piriformospora indica (P. indica), as a beneficial endophytic fungus, is involved in the plant tolerance to stressful conditions. Here, the biochemical and molecular responses of rice plants to As (50 μM) phytotoxicity and P. indica inoculation as well as the role of P. indica in improving rice adaptation to As stress were evaluated. The results showed that As stress reduced chlorophylls content, chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR) and growth. However, P. indica restored chlorophyll content and growth. P. indica decreased the contents of methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde by improving the activity of enzymes involved in the glyoxalase pathway and modulating the redox state of the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle, and consequently, increased the plant tolerance to As toxicity. P. indica, by downregulating Lsi2 expression (involved in As translocation to the shoot) and upregulating PCS1 and PCS2 expression (involved in As sequestration in vacuoles), immobilized As in the roots and reduced damage to photosynthetic organs. P. indica increased iron (Fe) accumulation in the shoot under As toxicity by upregulating the expression of IRO2, YSL2 and FRDL1 genes. The results of the present study augmented our knowledge in using P. indica symbiosis in improving the tolerance of rice plants against As toxicity for sustainable agriculture.Thiamethoxam (THM) and imidacloprid (IMI), are environmentally persistent neonicotinoid insecticides which have become increasingly favored in the past decade due to their specificity as insect neurotoxicants. However, neonicotinoids have been implicated as a potential contributing factor in Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) which affects produce production on a global scale. The present study characterizes the bioremediation potential of six bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus lactis. In Phase I, we evaluated the utilization of IMI or THM as the sole carbon or nitrogen source by P. fluorescens, P. selleck putida, and P. aeruginosa. All three species were better able to utilize THM over IMI as their sole carbon or nitrogen source. Thus, further studies proceeded with THM only. In Phase II, we assessed the kinetics of THM removal from aqueous media by the six species. Significant (p less then 0.0001) reductions in 70 mg/L THM concentration were observed for P. fluorescens (67%), P. putida (65%), P. aeruginosa (52%), and A. faecalis (39%) over the 24-day study period, and for E. coli (60%) and S. lactis (12%) over the 14-day study period. The THM removal by all species followed a first-order kinetic reaction. HPLC chromatograms of P. fluorescens, P. putida, and E. coli cultures revealed that as the area of the THM peak decreased over time, the area of an unidentified metabolite peak increased. In Phase III, we examined the effect of temperature on the transformation capacity of the bacterial species which was observed at 2 ℃, 22 ℃, and 30 ℃. Maximal THM removal occurred at 30 °C for all bacterial species assessed. Identification of the metabolite is currently underway. If the metabolite is found to be less hazardous than THM, further testing will follow to evaluate the use of this bioremediation technique in the field.In this study, a simple to produce, low-cost and environment-friendly sludge based adsorbent, prepared from municipal dewatered sludge and modified by calcium oxide (CaO), is described. The enhancement effect of CaO modification on the adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of sludge based adsorbents (CaO-SA), and the modification mechanism of CaO on activated sludge are discussed. Also, the Cd(II) adsorption conditions are optimized using surface optimization experiment. The results indicated that CaO had a good effect on improving the adsorption capacity and mechanical strength of the sludge-based adsorbent. The CaO-SA adsorbent showed best performance with respect to the mechanical strength and Cd(II) adsorption capacity when prepared under 5% CaO dosage and 60 °C drying temperature. CaO modification can increase the specific surface area and calcium ion content of the sludge-based adsorbent and remove the proton of the carboxylic acid in the sludge. The Box-Behnken experimental design results revealed that the importance of operating conditions for CaO-SA adsorption of Cd(II) can be arranged in the order of adsorption time > dosage> pH> temperature. The results also indicated that the interactions between adsorption time and CaO-SA dosage, adsorption time and pH, adsorption time and temperature are all important factors affecting the Cd(II) adsorption. The optimal conditions (adsorption time of 90 min, CaO-SA dosage of 1 g/L, pH of 5 and adsorption temperature of 40 °C) for CaO-SA to adsorb Cd(II) were obtained by surface optimization, at which the Cd(II) adsorption rate could reach a value of 99.74%.Estrogens are among the most concerned emerging contaminants in the wastewater treatment effluent due to their sexual disruption in aquatic wildlife. The use of microalgae for secondary wastewater effluent polishing is a promising approach due to the economic benefit and value-added products. In this study, three microalgae species, including Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris were selected to conduct batch experiments to examine important mechanisms, especially the role of algal extracellular organic matter (AEOM) on two selected estrogens (17β-estradiol, E2 and 17α-ethynylestradiol, EE2) removal. Results showed that estrogens could not be significantly degraded under visible light irradiation and adsorption of estrogens by microalgae was negligible. All three living microalgae cultures have ability to remove E2 and EE2, and Selenastrum capricornutum showed the highest E2 and EE2 removal efficiency of 91% and 83%, respectively, corresponding to the reduction of predicted estrogenic activity of 86%. AEOM from three microalgae cultures could induce photodegradation of estrogens, and AEOM from Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris achieved 100% of E2 and EE2 removal under visible light irradiation. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy identified humic/fulvic-like substances in AEOM from three microalgae cultures, which might be responsible for inducing the indirect photolysis of E2 and EE2. Therefore, in the living microalgae cultures, the major estrogens removal mechanisms should include biotransformation as well as AEOM meditated photocatalytic degradation. Since removal rates through photodegradation could be faster than biotransformation, the AEOM mediated photocatalytic degradation can play a potential role to remove emerging contaminants when using microalgae technology for wastewater effluent treatment."Minimal group" paradigms investigate social preferences arising from mere group membership. We asked whether demand characteristics contribute to children's apparent minimal group bias in a preregistered experiment (N = 160). In a group condition, we attempted to replicate findings of bias following assignment to minimal groups. A second closely matched no-group condition retained potential demand characteristics while removing group assignment. Parallel bias in the no-group condition would suggest that demand characteristics contribute to findings of apparent ingroup bias. Three main findings emerged. First, in the group condition, ingroup preference emerged in one of three bias measures only. Second, this preference emerged even though participants evaluated ingroup/outgroup photos varying in race/ethnicity between trials. Third, the measure that yielded ingroup preferences in the group condition produced no parallel bias in the no-group condition, consistent with the view that mere membership in a group, not experimental demand, leads to minimal ingroup preferences.
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hpk1-in-2.html