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BJPsych Open has come of age. This editorial celebrates the journal's fifth anniversary by reviewing the history of BJPsych Open, what we have accomplished, where we strive to go (our planned trajectory) and the passion of being an Editor-in-Chief.Background Individual- and area-level risk factors for suicide are relatively well-understood but the role of macro social factors such as alienation, social fragmentation or 'anomie' is relatively underresearched. Voting choice in the 2016 referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union (EU) provides a potential measure of anomie. Aims To examine associations between percentage 'Leave' votes in the EU referendum and suicide rates in 2015-2017, the period just prior to, and following, the referendum. Method National cross-sectional ecological study of 315 English local authority populations. Associations between voting choice in the EU referendum and age-standardised suicide rates, averaged for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, were examined. Results Overall there was a weak, but statistically significant, positive correlation between the local authority-level percentage 'Leave' vote in 2016 and the suicide rate 2015-2017 Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.17; P = 0.003. This relationship was explained by populations having an older age distribution, being more deprived and lacking ethnic diversity. However, there was divergence (likelihood ratio test for interaction, χ2 = 7.2, P = 0.007) in the observed associations between London and the provincial regions with Greater London having a moderately strong negative association (r = -0.40; P = 0.02) and the rest of England a weak positive association (r = 0.17; P = 0.004). Conclusions Deprivation, older age distribution and a lack of ethnic diversity seems to explain raised suicide risk in Brexit-voting communities. A greater sense of alienation among people feeling 'left behind'/'left out' may have had some influence too, although multilevel modelling of individual- versus area-level data are needed to examine these complex relationships. The incongruent ecological relationship observed for London likely reflect its distinct social, economic and health context.Although legumes are rich in protein and fiber, and low in saturated fat and sodium, traditional legume-based recipes include substantial amounts of processed meat, salt and potatoes, which could counteract the potential benefits of legumes. This prospective study aimed to assess the longitudinal association of consumption of different types of legumes, and traditional legume-based recipes, with unhealthy aging in older adults. Data were taken from 2505 individuals aged ≥60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Habitual legume consumption was assessed in 2008-2010 with a validated diet history. Unhealthy aging was measured in the 2013, 2015 and 2017 follow-up waves, with a 52-item multidimensional health deficit accumulation index (DAI) which ranges from 0 (best) to 100 (worst health). The mean age was 68.7 years, with 53.1% of women. Among study participants, 78.4% reported consumption of legumes, with a mean intake of 57.9 g/day. Multivariable adjusted linear regression models did not show an association between total legume consumption and the DAI over a 7-year follow-up [non-standardized coefficient (95% confidence interval) for the second and highest vs the lowest tertile of consumption 0.94 (-0.30, 2.17) and 0.18 (-1.07, 1.43), respectively; p-trend=0.35]. Similar results were observed for the 3-year and 5-year follow-ups and, separately, for lentils, beans, chickpeas, and traditional legume-based recipes. According to the results obtained, consumption of legumes and traditional legume-based recipes are not associated with unhealthy aging, and can be part of a healthy diet in the old age.Methionine is a limiting amino acid (AA) in fish diets, particularly in those containing high levels of plant protein and is key in the immune system. Accordingly, outcome on the fish immune mechanisms of a methionine deficient and supplemented diet within the context of 0% fish meal formulation, after a short and prolonged feeding period, was studied in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For this, seabass juveniles were fed a (i) fish meal-free diet, meeting AA requirements, but deficient in methionine (MET0.65); (ii) as control, the MET0.65 supplemented with L-methionine at 0.22% of feed weight (CTRL); (iii) two diets, identical to MET0.65 but supplemented at 0.63 and 0.88 % of feed weight of L-methionine (MET1.25 and MET1.5, respectively); and (iv) a fish meal -based diet (FM), as positive control. After 2 and 12 weeks of feeding, blood and plasma were sampled for leucocyte counting and humoral parameters assays and head kidney collected for gene expression. After 2 weeks of feeding a fish meal free diet supplemented with methionine led to changes in the expression of methionine- and leucocyte- related genes. Methionine immune-enhancer role was more evident after 12 weeks with an increased neutrophils percentage and a decrease expression of apoptotic genes, possibly indicating an enhancement of fish immunity by methionine dietary supplementation. Furthermore, even though CTRL and FM present similar methionine content, CTRL presented a reduced expression of several immune-related genes indicating that in a practical plant protein based-diet scenario the requirement level of methionine for an optimal immune status could be higher.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 on total homocysteine (tHcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and liver and kidney function tests in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on one hundred eligible women. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups the placebo (n = 50) and the vitamin D (n = 50) which received 50,000 IU vitamin D3 per week for 2 months. The participants' 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D), tHcy, CRP, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), urea, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured and compared before and after treatment. Results showed that the tHcy, CRP, AST, ALT, and eGFR levels after the second month of vitamin D3 intervention were significantly (p less then 0.001) decreased and the 25(OH)D, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly (p less then 0.001) increased in the treatment group. Proteasome inhibitor In the placebo group, no significant changes were identified throughout the follow up period.
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