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Although a considerable number of studies have illustrated the positive effects of fresh fruits on metabolic status, the impacts of fruits on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. In consideration of this issue, we aimed to systematically summarize the findings of cohort studies with respect to the link between fresh fruits and the risk of GDM.

We selected cohort studies with English language indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from 2000 to 31 January 2018. To examine the link between fresh fruits and the risk of GDM development, relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus the lowest consumption of fruits were pooled using a random effect model and the DerSimonian and Laird method.

Out of 2522 publications, finally 5 cohort studies were obtained. No significant association between fruit consumption and GDM incidence was found (Pooled RR 0.95; 95 % CI 0.84, 1.08; I
90.3 %, p = 0001). In women who consumed higher amount of fruits before pregnancy, the risk of GDM was 5% lower than in those who consumed lower amount of fruits (0.95; 95 %CI 0.91, 0.99, I
0%, p = 0.85). No link was obtained between fruit consumption during the pregnancy and GDM onset (1.18, 95 % CI 0.48, 2.91; I
94.6 %, p = 0.0001).

In women who consumed greater fruits before pregnancy, the risk for GDM was 5 % lower than those consumed lower amounts of fruits, while there was no link between fruit consumption throughout the pregnancy and GDM onset. However, due to limited studies and considerable heterogeneity, the findings must be interpreted with great caution.
In women who consumed greater fruits before pregnancy, the risk for GDM was 5 % lower than those consumed lower amounts of fruits, while there was no link between fruit consumption throughout the pregnancy and GDM onset. However, due to limited studies and considerable heterogeneity, the findings must be interpreted with great caution.In this study, a carboxymethyl chitosan functionalized graphene (CMCS-rGO) nanomaterial was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by non-covalent functionalization method. Fourier transform infrared, Raman, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that carboxymethyl chitosan had been successfully anchored on the surface of graphene. In addition, the CMCS-rGO was used as an anticorrosive nanofiller to be added to waterborne epoxy (EP) coatings to protect steel substrates. The corrosion protection behavior of all coatings was tested by electrochemical workstation, and the results proved that the incorporation of well-dispersed CMCS-rGO nanomaterials could significantly improve the anti-corrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings. Furthermore, even after 180 days of immersion, the impedance modulus value of the 0.2 % CMCS-rGO/EP at |Z|f =0.01 Hz was still approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the EP.Amylose granules hydrolyzed with 2 M hydrochloric acid for various periods of time were used to prepare amylose nanoparticles through ethanol precipitation. Value of dextrose equivalent, viscosity average molecular weight and molecular chain length distribution of the acid hydrolyzed amylose granules were determined. The precipitated amylose nanoparticles were characterized by using dynamic light scattering and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that, after 48 h acid hydrolysis, viscosity average molecular weight of amylose decreased from 3.35 × 105 to 0.336 × 105 and the amylose macromolecular chains with DP > 1000 were cut into short ones. The short chain sugar molecules derived from the acid hydrolysis were not involved in the ethanol precipitation or incorporated into the precipitated amylose nanoparticles. The length and quantity of the residual amylose macromolecular chains after the acid hydrolysis were the main factors to influence size and crystallinity of the precipitated amylose nanoparticles.A new strategy for design and development of a magnetic "smart" drug delivery system (DDS) based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was reported. For this purpose, a β-CD-(I)7 was acetylated, and then EtOx monomer was grafted onto the acetylated β-CD-(I)7 through cationic ring-opening polymerization followed by simultaneous crosslinking with amine-end capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NH2 NPs) and cystamine to produce a β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4 as a reduction- and pH-responsive magnetic DDS. The developed magnetic nanohydrogel was loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), and its drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies, as well as its pH- and reduction-triggered drug release behaviors were investigated. The anticancer activity of the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4-Dox was investigated against MCF7 cells. According to the results, the formulated β-CD-g-(PEtOx)7/Fe3O4-Dox can be considered as an efficient and "smart" DDS for cancer therapy and diagnosis due to its high drug loading value (∼ 74 %), slow and stimuli-triggered drug release behavior, and acceptable magnetic properties.Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was produced from sago starch via carboxymethylation. The CMS with different degree of substitution (DS) ranges from 0.4 to 0.8 were mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight and distilled water and the hydrogel was cured by electron beam irradiation with doses ranging from 25 to 35 kGy. The results revealed that CMS-PEG hydrogels with DS 0.4 give the optimum gel content when radiated at 30 kGy and with PEG 600. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that there are two phases exist in CMS with DS 0.4 in contrast to the three steps decomposition occurs in DS 0.6 and 0.8. It shows that the CMS with DS 0.4 is more thermally stable. Surface morphology revealed crosslinking among the blends when subjected into the radiation dose. see more The study shows both radiation and PEG addition improved most of the properties of CMS irrespective of the DS value.Seaweed is a prominent source of polysaccharides with extraction processes properly established, allowing to employ them in several areas. Among all the types of biopolymers obtained from seaweed, furcellaran has gained notoriety in recent years. This is due to its abundance, water solubility and outstanding film-forming abilities. Despite still being little studied, in several works, remarkable advances in terms of improving properties of furcellaran-based films have been described in the literature. However, there are still numerous research opportunities to be explored regarding the improvement of material properties. Therefore, the objective of this review is to highlight the innovative method in preparation, characterization and performance of furcellaran-based films as food packaging. This is the first study in which current results in the area are presented. Initially, it concerns biopolymer chemical and extraction insights. In addition, a comprehensive description of the advances in film properties is outlined (from mechanical to active/intelligent responses).
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