Notes

Ultrafast-nonlinear sun beat modulation within an AlInGaN polariton waveguide operating approximately room temperature.
The need for regulatory review of infrared thermographs (IRTs) used on humans was removed in response to the unique circumstances of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (a.k.a., COVID-19). The market for these devices has since expanded considerably. This evaluation of IRT performance may have significant implications for febrility screening worldwide.

Perform controlled nonhuman trials of IRT devices to identify and quantify deviations in the human temperature range.

We compared IRT readings of a temperature-controlled non-human subject with one FDA-cleared IRT and one FDA-cleared handheld NCIT. In individual trials for each device, the subject was measured between 35°C and 40°C at 0.25°C increments.

The IRT device measurements were consistently normalized around the human mean (∼37  °  C). Temperatures were decremented as they approached the febrile range, and systematically reported as normal across all seven devices. This effect does not appear to be explained by a fixed offset or any known approach to estimanical applications, and travel screening in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response.Guest editors Toyohiko Yatagai, Osamu Matoba, Yoshihisa Aizu, Yasuhiro Awatsuji, and Yuan Luo introduce the articles in the Special Series on Biomedical Imaging and Sensing.
Tumor detection and margin delineation are essential for successful tumor resection. However, postsurgical positive margin rates remain high for many cancers. Raman spectroscopy has shown promise as a highly accurate clinical spectroscopic diagnostic modality, but its margin delineation capabilities are severely limited by the need for pointwise application.

We aim to extend Raman spectroscopic diagnostics and develop a multimodal computer vision-based diagnostic system capable of both the detection and identification of suspicious lesions and the precise delineation of disease margins.

We first apply visual tracking of a Raman spectroscopic probe to achieve real-time tumor margin delineation. We then combine this system with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging to achieve fluorescence-guided Raman spectroscopic margin delineation.

Our system enables real-time Raman spectroscopic tumor margin delineation for both ex vivo human tumor biopsies and an in vivo tumor xenograft mouse model. We then further demonstrate that the addition of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence imaging enables fluorescence-guided Raman spectroscopic margin delineation in a tissue phantom model.

Our image-guided Raman spectroscopic probe-tracking system enables tumor margin delineation and is compatible with both white light and fluorescence image guidance, demonstrating the potential for our system to be developed toward clinical tumor resection surgeries.
Our image-guided Raman spectroscopic probe-tracking system enables tumor margin delineation and is compatible with both white light and fluorescence image guidance, demonstrating the potential for our system to be developed toward clinical tumor resection surgeries.
Glucocorticoids rapidly provoke serotonin (5-HT) release in vivo. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-triggered 5-HT release.

Employing 1C11 cells to model 5-HT neurotransmission, immunofluorescence and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze colocalization of GR, 5-HT, vesicle membrane protein synaptotagmin 1 and vesicle dye FM4-64FX. FFN511 and FM4-64FX dyes as well as calcium imaging were used to visualize vesicular 5-HT release upon application of GR agonist dexamethasone, GR antagonist mifepristone and voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) inhibitors.

GR, 5-HT, synaptotagmin 1 and FM4-64FX showed overlapping staining patterns, with Pearson's Correlation Coefficient indicating colocalization. Similarly to potassium chloride, dexamethasone caused a release of FFN511 and uptake of FM4-64FX, indicating vesicular 5-HT release. Mifepristone, calcium depletion and inhibition of L-type VGCC significantly diminished dexamethasone-induced vesicular 5-HT release.

In close proximity to 5-HT releasing sites, activated GR rapidly triggers L-type VGCC-dependent vesicular 5-HT release. Ruboxistaurin solubility dmso These findings provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between glucocorticoids and 5-HT release.
In close proximity to 5-HT releasing sites, activated GR rapidly triggers L-type VGCC-dependent vesicular 5-HT release. These findings provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between glucocorticoids and 5-HT release.
Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom, and, if persistent, the patient's quality of life can worsen and result in a depressive mood, or vice versa. Although previous reports suggest a relationship between chronic cough and depression, we further investigated this relationship according to smoking status and lung function.

This observational study used cross-sectional data from the 6
Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014 and 2016). Propensity score matching using age, sex, smoking status, and lung function was performed for participants with and without chronic cough to reduce the confounding effects associated with depressive mood. Questionnaires recorded coughs persisting for >3months and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessed the severity of depressive mood.

Among 12494 participants who were >18years old, 226 with chronic cough were matched with 226 with non-chronic cough. Overall, chronic cough participants showed higher PHQ-9 scores than the non-chronic cough participants (4.29±5.23 vs. 2.63±3.38, P<.001). When stratified by sex, the difference remained significant in women (5.69±5.96 vs. 3.05±3.97, P<.001) but not in men (3.18±4.27 vs. 2.31±3.65, P=.092). When stratified by lung function status, the difference remained significant for those with normal lung function (4.32±5.32 vs. 2.78±3.86, P=.003) and reduced lung function (4.19±4.93 vs. 2.11±3.55, P≤0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic cough was associated with PHQ-9 score (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014-1.27, P=.014), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.041-22.86, P=.044) and physician-diagnosed bronchial asthma (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.162-7.435, P=.023).

Depressive mood is significantly correlated with chronic cough in females.
Depressive mood is significantly correlated with chronic cough in females.
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