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Ghrelin as well as lipid ranges in panic attacks before and after treatment in addition to their romantic relationship together with agoraphobia.
Metabolic syndrome is a global pandemic. It contributes to early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The etiology of Metabolic Syndrome is not completely well understood yet. Insulin resistance remains the most accepted hypothesis. Another such hypothesis is that of vitamin D deficiency. Exploring a possible association between these two highly prevalent conditions could help in better understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. The clinical impact of this association could help in better control of the health of an individual if lifestyle and pharmacological interventions for Metabolic Syndrome fail.
In this cross sectional study, 176 consecutive patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups- cases and controls on the basis of the NCEP ATP III criteria. History, clinical examination and laboratory tests like FBS, fasting lipid profile and vitamin D were done for both the groups and results were compared.

The mean serum vitamin D levels among those with Metabolic Syn controlled metabolic parameters despite adequate lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, correction of the vitamin D, if found to be deficient, can be considered for better control of these parameters.By definition, subclinical hypothyroidism refers to biochemical evidence of thyroid hormone deficiency in patients who have few or no apparent clinical features of hypothyroidism.The subclinical hypothyroidism is diagnosed mostly by biochemical tests, in which most of the patients have a serum TSH(5-10) levels elevated above the normal reference range but serum free T3 and free T4 are normal. In subclinical hypothyroidism, most of the patients have few or no signs of thyroid dysfunction. Hence, subclinical hypothyroidism is essentially a laboratory diagnosis.
The study was undertaken in Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital, Bangalore. It is a case-control study, comparing 50 SCH patients, selected based on the TSH values (5-10 µIU/ml) and 50 Euthyroid(EU) patients, matched for age and gender. Data was based on history, clinical examination, thyroid function, lipid profiles and Body mass index(BMI). Student's t, chi-square tests was used for computation of p values.

Dyslipidemia was significant in SCHher TSH values,SCH needs to be treated to prevent the complications of dyslipidemia. Is considered as atherogenic condition as it increases overall cardiovascular risk. It's important to assess lipid profile and CVS risk in these patients.Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is well entrenched in medical constraints like septic shock, critically ill and multi-morbid hemodynamically unstable patients but its exact prevalence or differences in the cases of chronic liver disease (CLD) at variable grades of severity has recently gained momentum. The eventuality of AI propounding in stable compensated and decompensated cirrhosis without sepsis or in early and late stages of liver desecration are the existing lacunae in popular literature that this study aims to address.
A prospective, analytical study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021 encompassing 100 hemodynamically stable patients with cirrhosis without infection, admitted at SMS Medical College, Jaipur, who were assessed clinically, biochemically and for adrenal functions. Adrenal insufficiency was defined on multivariable approach including basal 8am cortisol levels, followed by giving 250mcg synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone IM injection and retaking serum cortisol levels post-hourly d (p<0.33) in patients with AI than their counterparts. However, multivariate analysis revealed no direct independent adrenal insufficiency predictor. ROC curve showed that the CTP score may be a good predictor for AI in liver cirrhosis patients as supplemented by significant negative correlations found between CTP score and peak cortisol levels (p=0.001).

Adrenal insufficiency found frequent even in stable cirrhotic patients form an integral division of the CLD spectra and worsening glucocorticoid levels should be periodically assessed in such patients for preventing parallel comorbidities.
Adrenal insufficiency found frequent even in stable cirrhotic patients form an integral division of the CLD spectra and worsening glucocorticoid levels should be periodically assessed in such patients for preventing parallel comorbidities.Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by pancreatic inflammatory and fibrotic injury that results in loss of pancreatic structure both exocrine and endocrine functions, often leading to complications like glucose intolerance and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes secondary to pancreatic diseases is classified as pancreatic diabetes or type 3c diabetes. Diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis differs metabolically and clinically from other types of Diabetes Mellitus. In chronic pancreatitis there is loss of Beta cell mass along with alpha and other cell masses. this website Pancreatic Diabetes is characterized by impaired Insulin secretion in response to ingestion of meal. Type 3c Diabetes accounts for 5-10% of all cases of diabetes in Western Population. In this Cross Sectional study patients presenting to a tertiary care centre with typical clinical and radiological features of Chronic pancreatitis were investigated for the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. CT scan was used as the imaging modality of choice to detect Chronic Pancreatitis. Material In this Cross Sectional study 60 patients who presented with typical clinical and radiological features of Chronic pancreatitis were investigated for Diabetes Mellitus. CT scan was used as the imaging modality of choice to detect Chronic Pancreatitis. Observation The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in patients of Chronic Pancreatitis in our study was 61.6%. The prevalence of exocrine insufficiency in patients of Chronic pancreatitis in our study was 68.3% Conclusion Diabetes Mellitus should be specifically sought for while managing the pain of Chronic Pancreatitis patient.Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia the potential role of hemostatic factors, particularly fibrinogen, in atherosclerosis and its complications has generated considerable attention. Fibrinogen, itself is determined by several modifiable and non-modifiable determinants like age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, alcoholism, glycemic control, lipid profile and urine albumin excretion rate. The present study is undertaken to know the levels of fibrinogen in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation with microvascular complications.
This is a cross section observational study. All patients, admitted to our hospital, who where a known case of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus where tested for fibrinogen levels and other investigations such as CBC, urine routine and ACR, Fundoscopy during the month of April 2020 to June 2021and were included in the study. All characteristics were summarized descriptively. For continuous variables, the tween fibrinogen levels and albumin excretion rate measured by micro albiminuria was documented . Because microalbiminuria is a well recognized powerful predictor of cardiovascular related illness and death in diabetes, fibrinogen levels can be considered as a potential additional risk fctor in patients with diabetes. On the basis of observation of this study, it may be conferred that hyperfibrinogenemia could be a mechanism of the increased micro and macrovascular risks faced by patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diseases of thyroid gland are among the most abundant endocrine disorders. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis in terms of osteoporosis risk is well established. Early diagnosis and treatment is the cornerstone of management of thyroid disorders. Anti-TPO antibody are useful markers for the detection of autoimmune thyroid disease while ultrasonography is the modality of choice for characterization of thyroid disease.Our study aims to review the relationship between clinical,laboratory and USG findings in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders.
An observational prospective study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre for a period of 18 months.Adult patients with symptoms of thyroid disease and deranged FT3/FT4/TSH were included. Anti-TPO antibody was done using ELISA.Chi-square was used to compare data with p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant.

Total 150 patients were analysed out ofent study, Anti-TPO antibody has been statistically associated with thyroid disease. Diffuse hypoechogenecity on USG is statistically associated with positive Anti -TPO antibody and thus have a major role in diagnosing etiology and predicting prognosis of patients with thyroid disorders.Present work was conducted to study of role of NGAL in diagnosis and staging the severity of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to assess serum NGAL, urine albumin levels in diabetic patients with and without apparent nephropathy.
Comparative study conducted in the General Medicine department of SMS Hospital.

Patients of type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

Patients consuming high protein diet, pregnancy, severe muscular exercises, orthostatic albuminuria, congestive heart failure, urinary tract infections, liver diseases. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The mean age of patient was 51.7 years. Here, HbA1c and NGAL were negatively correlated with each other with Pearson correlation -0.484 (p-value<0.05). In prediabetic patients mean NGAL was 407ng/ml and as HbA1c increases mean NGAL decreases 276.69 ng/ml (P-value <0.0012). As ACR increases mean NGAL increases significantly (P-value<0.05).

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin could be a renal function evaluation marker for patients with renal dysfunction and markers for detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin could be a renal function evaluation marker for patients with renal dysfunction and markers for detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.This case sieries gives three different cases with three different presentation and different approaches to a patient with short stature. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a conglomeration of biochemical and clinical abnormalities. It is now being considered as a pandemic disease and an evolving cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome constitutes various parameters. Approximately every third adult in India suffers from MetS. Among these, people from urban areas, women and north-eastern regions of India have a higher prevalence. Recent studies have established a correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Uric acid. Since the predictors of hyperuricemia, such as, centripetal obesity and elevated serum triglyceride levels overlap with the components of MetS, it is pertinent that the correlation between hyperuricemia and MetS be evaluated. The results of establishing a correlation between the two maybe implicated in treating hyperuricemia early and thereby preventing the development of cardiovasesearch did not to establish correlation between hyperuricemia in women with MetS as shown by previous studies. However, it can be concluded that increased SUA levels is associated with Increased WC. It was also observed that men with MetS have increased WC (Abdominal Obesity) than women with MetS.
This research did not to establish correlation between hyperuricemia in women with MetS as shown by previous studies. However, it can be concluded that increased SUA levels is associated with Increased WC. It was also observed that men with MetS have increased WC (Abdominal Obesity) than women with MetS.
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