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Medical efficacy of laser beam treatment within the prevention of retinal detachment in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency symptoms along with cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Ectopic expression of Gas7 restored mitochondrial morphology and distribution, as well as PINK1 expression in Gas7-null cortical neurons. Collectively, our results introduce a novel role of mouse Gas7 in determining the dynamics, morphology, and intracellular distribution of neuronal mitochondria, which are expected to be required for normal neuronal function. © 2020 The Authors.Human spaceflight endeavors present an opportunity to expand our presence beyond Earth. To this end, it is crucial to understand and diagnose effects of long-term space travel on the human body. Developing tools for targeted, on-site detection of specific DNA sequences will allow us to establish research and diagnostics platforms that will benefit space programs. We describe a simple DNA diagnostic method that utilizes colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to enable detection of a repetitive telomeric DNA sequence in as little as 30 minutes. A proof of concept assay for this method was carried out using existing hardware on the International Space Station and the results were read instantly by an astronaut through a simple color change of the reaction mixture. LAMP offers a novel platform for on-orbit DNA-based diagnostics that can be deployed on the International Space Station and to the broader benefit of space programs. © 2019 The Authors.The brain produces steroids de novo from cholesterol, so-called "neurosteroids." The Purkinje cell, a cerebellar neuron, was discovered as a major site of the biosynthesis of neurosteroids including sex steroids, such as progesterone, from cholesterol in the brain. Allopregnanolone, a progesterone metabolite, is also synthesized in the cerebellum and acts on the Purkinje cell to prevent cell death of this neuron. selleck chemical Recently, the pineal gland was discovered as an important site of the biosynthesis of neurosteroids. Allopregnanolone, a major pineal neurosteroid, acts on the Purkinje cell for the survival of this neuron by suppressing the expression of caspase-3, a crucial mediator of apoptosis. This review summarizes the discovery of cerebellar and pineal allopregnanolone and its neuroprotective action on Purkinje cells. © 2020 The Authors.A 27-year-old male patient complained of dental pain on previously root-treated tooth #17. Intentional replantation (IR) was performed. However, the symptoms returned at 10 months of follow-up, and a sinus tract was detected on the buccal gingiva of tooth #17. The patient refused extraction of the tooth and tooth was scheduled for non-surgical retreatment. Root canal retreatment was initiated with the removal of the previous root filling material while leaving the retrograde filling in situ. After 1 month of intracanal medication, the tooth became asymptomatic with complete healing of the sinus tract and the root canal filling was completed. Clinical and radiographic examination at 1 year follow-up revealed endodontic success with complete resolution of periapical radiolucency. This case report shows that non-surgical retreatment could be a viable alternative for failed IR. Copyright © 2019 European Endodontic Journal.Objective Maintaining the remaining dentine thickness (RDT) is crucial because it acts as a protection barrier to the vital pulp tissue against injury and inflammatory products. Based on the relationship between the radiographic RDT (RRDT) and actual RDT (ARDT), we aimed to develop a validated method for guiding dentists in estimating the RDT before caries excavation. Methods 30 extracted human teeth were subject to the two-stage experimentation of exposure to cone beam radiography and measurement of actual remaining dentine after sectioning. RRDT and ARDT were recorded, and the difference was statistically analyzed. Results A significant difference in the mean values of the estimated difference in dentine thickness was observed (P less then 0.05). There was no significant difference between molars and premolars as they exhibited a similar range in the difference of the RDT. Conclusion It is challenging to find a stable relationship between RRDT and ARDT. Copyright © 2019 European Endodontic Journal.Objective To assess the detection of simulated periapical lesions in digital intraoral radiography with different levels of brightness and contrast combinations, and to investigate the observers' preference of image quality for this diagnostic task. Methods Digital radiographs were acquired prior to periapical lesion simulation and after each one of four defects enlargement. Original images were adjusted in 4 brightness and contrast combinations. Five observers evaluated the images according to the presence of periapical lesion on a 5-point scale. In a second moment, the observers ordinated the images subjectively, according to quality, from the best to the worst to detect the bone defect. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for the diagnostic values and compared by two-way ANOVA. The significance level was set at 5% (P0.05). The overall results showed low values of area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and sensitivity of the periapical radiography in the detection of periapical lesions of sizes from 1 to 3, which rose substantially in size 4. For image quality, combinations with the lowest brightness and highest contrast were preferred by the observers in 58% of the cases. Conclusion Brightness and contrast adjustments do not influence the detection of simulated periapical lesions in digital intraoral radiography. Lower brightness and higher contrast images were preferred for this diagnostic task. Copyright © 2019 European Endodontic Journal.Objective To compare the effects of different irrigation protocols, with/without laser activation, on the radicular dentine's micro-hardness. Methods Eighty-two human extracted premolars were decoronated and divided into 7 groups. Roots were longitudinally split into two halves. The micro-hardness was measured for one half before and after irrigation protocols. The groups were; G1 MTAD without laser-activation, G2 MTAD with laser-activation, G3 sodium-hypochlorite (SH) with laser-activation, G4 SH then EDTA with laser-activation, G5 SH then MTAD with laser-activation, G6 SH without laser-activation. G7 distilled water (control). In the two-irrigants groups G4 and G5), samples were irrigated first with SH then with MTAD or EDTA irrigants, which were activated by the laser. The difference between the before- and after-irrigation micro-hardness was calculated to obtain the micro-hardness difference. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample-t and Two-ways ANOVA tests at P=0.05. Results Overall, the mean dentine's micro-hardness after-irrigation (103.
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