Notes

Enthesis injury as a technique for the development of translatable chronic rotating cuff deterioration within an ovine design.
All conclusions hold robust with different aggregation units or model specifications. Altogether, our analyses shine a spotlight on the entrenched racial segregation in the US as well as how it may influence the mobility patterns, urban forms, and health disparities during the COVID-19.
Obesity research priority setting, if conducted to a high standard, can help promote policy-relevant and efficient research. Therefore, there is a need to identify existing research priority setting studies conducted in the topic area of obesity and to determine the extent to which they followed good practice principles for research priority setting.

Studies examining research priority setting in obesity were identified through searching the MEDLINE, PBSC, CINAHL, PsycINFO databases and the grey literature. The nine common themes of good practice in research priority setting were used as a methodological framework to evaluate the processes of the included studies. These were context, use of a comprehensive approach, inclusiveness, information gathering, planning for implementation, criteria, methods for deciding on priorities, evaluation and transparency.

Thirteen articles reporting research prioritisation exercises conducted in different areas of obesity research were included. All studies reported engaging with various stakeholders such as policy makers, researchers and healthcare professionals. Public involvement was included in six studies. Methods of research prioritisation commonly included both Delphi and nominal group techniques and surveys. None of the 13 studies fulfilled all nine of the good practice criteria for research priority setting, with the most common limitations including not using a comprehensive approach and lack of inclusivity and evaluating on their processes.

There is a need for research priority setting studies in obesity to involve the public and to evaluate their exercises to ensure they are of high quality.
There is a need for research priority setting studies in obesity to involve the public and to evaluate their exercises to ensure they are of high quality.Purpose of Review  Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is recognized far more commonly than before, and it is well known that SIH is sometimes complicated by chronic subdural hematoma (SDH). We reported a patient who was treated with epidural blood patch (EBP) five times for refractory SIH and SDH surgery. Recent Findings  We experienced that targeted EBP was useful in refractory SIH, and also can be performed safely prior to drainage of the hematoma. Summary  We report the case of SIH patient with a bilateral SDH who came to our hospital and was discharged 2 weeks later with no neurologic deficit after trephination and five times EBP treatment. It shows that targeted EBP was useful in refractory SIH, and also can be performed safely prior to drainage of the hematoma.The incidence of internal carotid artery (ICA) injury associated with endoscopic endonasal approaches to the pituitary is less than 1%. While parent vessel sacrifice has historically been the choice of treatment, vessel-preserving endovascular techniques have been reported. Although flow diversion offers endoluminal reconstruction, its major limitation is the delay in obtaining complete occlusion. We describe the use of a combined Pipeline embolization device (PED) with endoscopic endonasal repair using a fascia lata/muscle graft to treat an iatrogenic ICA pseudoaneurysm and report long-term radiographic follow-up. Further investigation into the utility of directed endoscopic endonasal repair of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms initially treated with PED is necessary, especially given the need of post-PED anticoagulation and the rate of permanent neurological deficit after ICA sacrifice.Introduction  Meningiomas are more common in females and frequently express progesterone and estrogen receptors. Recent studies have revealed a high incidence of meningiomas in situations in which estrogen/progesterone levels are increased such as pregnancy, gender reassignment therapy, and fertility treatment. While the relationship remains unclear and controversial, these findings suggest exposure to high levels of endogenous or exogenous hormones may increase the risk of developing a meningioma. Patients and Methods  A 40-year-old female with a history of endometriosis treated with chronic progesterone therapy presented with a visual deficit and was found to have multiple meningiomas, which regressed after cessation of exogenous progesterone. Conclusion  A history of chronic hormone therapy should be included when evaluating patients diagnosed with meningiomas, particularly at a younger age and with multiple meningiomas. Cessation of exogenous progesterone resulting in regression of meningiomas suggests a direct action of progesterone on growth. Future studies are warranted to better elucidate this relationship.Since November 6th, 2020, Italian regions have been classified according to four levels, corresponding to specific risk scenarios, for which specific restrictive measures have been foreseen. By analyzing the time evolution of the reproduction number R t , we estimate how much different restrictive measures affect R t , and we quantify the combined effect of the diffusion of virus variants and the beginning of the vaccination campaign upon the R t trend. We also compute the time delay between implementation of restrictive measures and the resulting effects. Three different models to describe the effects of restrictive measures are discussed and the results are cross-checked with two different algorithms for the computation of R t .The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) is suggested to exert a role in non-nuclear estrogen signalling and is over-expressed in a variety of hormone dependent tumors. It is well known that estrogens and xenoestrogens are involved in testicular germ cell tumorigenesis. Different studies show that down regulation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) associates with GPR30 over-expression both in human testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) and seminomas and that the mitogenic role exerted by 17β-oestradiol induces the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through GPR30. In conclusion, the exposure to oestrogens or oestrogen-mimics, in some as of yet undefined manner, diminishes the ERβ-mediated growth restraint in CIS and in human testicular seminoma, indicating that GPR30 could be considered a potential therapeutic target to design specific inhibitors.Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disease that affects multiple systems such as the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems. This disease is relatively rare and has no effective treatment except for symptomatic treatment. As a result, early detection, early intervention, and preventing the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes are crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of MFS. The rapid development of gene sequencing technology has facilitated the detection of MFS at the genetic level, allowing a more accurate and efficient diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, research on MFS-related genes has become a topic of interest. This article reviews the recent progress of genetic research on MFS in China.In Japan, specific pediatric chronic diseases include 788 diseases in 16 groups of diseases, 278 categories, and 845 subcategories as of November 1, 2021. The national specific pediatric chronic diseases measures - also called the Medical Aid Program for Chronic Pediatric Diseases of Specified Categories (MAPChD) - was established in Japan in 1974 and enshrined in law in 2005. Patients with specific pediatric chronic diseases can receive government support and welfare in several ways i) MAPChD requires diagnosis and medical treatment at designated hospitals and by designated physicians so that patients receive optimal treatment; ii) the copayment rate for medical expenses is reduced to 20% and a maximum is set depending on household income; and iii) the analysis of specific pediatric chronic diseases from different perspectives is continuously being promoted. In addition to these three aspects, various measures are being implemented to provide ongoing support for patients with specific pediatric chronic diseases as they grow up.Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) serum concentration is a new noninvasive marker of neurodegenerative disorders. Fabry disease (FD) leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in tissues leading to progressive damage of critical body systems and organs, including peripheral and central nervous system. There are no established serum markers of neurodegeneration in FD. Our cross-sectional single-center study was designed to prove the concept that serum NfL levels could reflect the severity of cognitive impairment and indirectly, the level of central nervous system involvement in women at earlier stages of FD. Twelve women with a diagnosis of FD confirmed by genetic tests and 12 matched healthy subjects were included. Serum concentrations of NfL were measured in all subjects together with neuropsychological tests that included Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Quality of life was assessed with the Short Form Survey (SF-36). FD patients and healthy subjects did not differ with respect to serum NfL concentration, results of neuropsychological tests and quality of life. There was a significant positive correlation between NfL and globotriaosylosphingosine (lyso-Gb3) concentration in women with FD (R = 0,69, p = 0.01). There was also a correlation between NfL concentration and MoCA score but not MMSE score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the best predictor for Mild Cognitive Impairment in both groups was eGFR. Serum NfL concentration does not appear to predict the degree of nervous system involvement in women with FD.Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive hereditary myopathy due to deficiency of functional dystrophin. Current therapeutic interventions need more investigation to slow down the progression of skeletal and cardiac muscle weakness. In humans, there is a lack of an adapted training program. In animals, the murine Mdx model with a DBA/2J background (D2-mdx) was recently suggested to present pathological features closer to that of humans. In this study, we characterized skeletal and cardiac muscle functions in males and females D2-mdx mice compared to control groups. We also evaluated the impact of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in these muscles in females and males. HIIT was performed 5 times per week during a month on a motorized treadmill. Specific maximal isometric force production and weakness were measured in the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). AZD0095 price Sedentary male and female D2-mdx mice produced lower absolute and specific maximal force compared to control mice. Dystrophic mice showed a decline of force generation during repetitive stimulation compared to controls. This reduction was greater for male D2-mdx mice than females. Furthermore, trained D2-mdx males showed an improvement in force generation after the fifth lengthening contraction compared to sedentary D2-mdx males. Moreover, echocardiography measures revealed a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular ejection volume and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in sedentary male and female D2-mdx mice. Overall, our results showed a serious muscle function alteration in female and male D2-mdx mice compared to controls. HIIT may delay force loss especially in male D2-mdx mice.
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