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Draft genome of the multidrug and multi-heavy steel immune Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST165 pressure regarding Penaeus vannamei from seawater farms in Zhejiang, The far east.
Poverty alleviation by Chinese herbal medicine industry is an important way to implement the major strategic plan of the government and to effectively alleviate poverty and increase income of poor farmers in areas with high resource's endowment of Chinese medicinal materials. Based on the analysis of the existing achievements and problems in poverty alleviation by Chinese herbal medicine industry, this paper proposes that improving the comprehensive benefits of Chinese herbal medicine industry is an important direction for poverty alleviation in the poverty-stricken areas with the high endowment of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the future. Then, based on the concept of resource recycling of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the feasibility and strategies of utilizing by-products in the production process of Chinese medicinal materials and expanding the ways of poverty alleviation were analyzed and discussed. The aim of all these works was to provide the support for enhancing the comprehensive competitiveness of the industry in poverty-stricken regions, enlarging the poverty alleviation effect of Chinese herbal medicine industry, and consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.In this paper, five representative Chinese herbal decoction pieces of Scutellariae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were selected to prepare the corresponding fine powder of pieces, extract powder, semi-extract powder and physical mixed powder. The physical properties of 20 kinds of powders, such as related parameters of particle size, density, stability and flowability, were evaluated comprehensively. The compression curves of powder porosity and tensile strength changing with pressure were plotted, and the Heckel equation and the Kawakita equation were used to describe the powder compression behavior. The results showed that compared with the fine powder of pieces, the compressibility of the semi-extract powder and the extract powder was significantly improved. Compared with the extract powder, the particle size and relative uniformity of the semi-extract powder were increased, indicating that the uniformity of of pieces, extract powder, semi-extract powder and physical mixed powder originating from the same Chinese herbal decoction pieces. In this paper, the mechanism of "unification of drugs and excipients" of Chinese medicine semi-extract powder was explained in terms of physical properties and compression behavior of powders, which provided reference for the formulation design and process development of Chinese medicine tablets.In this study, the texture analyzer acupuncture pressure sensor was used to objectively characterize the "herb soaking with exact amount of water" for moistening process of ginseng. The single factor rotation experiment was used to investigate the effects of puncture speed, puncture depth and puncture site on puncture force and work. According to ginseng processing method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, ginseng medicinal materials with diameters of about 1 cm and 2 cm were selected, and puncture experiments were carried out at the set measurement time to determine the hardness, work and water absorption of the ginseng moistening process. The endpoint threshold for the ginseng softening process was determined and verified. To reflect the actual internal conditions of the ginseng softening process, the puncture depth was preferably 70%, and the puncture speed was 30 mm·min~(-1). In the ginseng moistening process, the softening hardness and the puncture work were in accordance with the first-order kinetic equation y=a×exp(-k×x). The 0 h initial hardness a of 1 cm and 2 cm ginseng herbs were 289.8 N and 1 227 N, and the rate constants K were 0.149 4 N·h~(-1) and 0.100 7 N·h~(-1), respectively. After the ginseng was completely softened, the force required for puncture was 10 N, which can be used as the standard for "drug penetration". At this time, the water absorption rate of ginseng was 70%-100%. The softening time of ginseng with a diameter of 1 cm was about 20-22 h, and the softening time of ginseng with a diameter of 2 cm was about 40-46 h. A needle-type pressure sensor was used to accurately determine the end point of the softening process of ginseng and reduce the loss of active ingredients. The study results provide reference for the softening process kinetics and the process intelligent monitoring of other dried roots and rhizomes.In this paper, the inline turbidity sensor technology was used to quantify the turbidity of the solution during the dissolution of Chinese medicine granules. The probe measurement position and the magnetic stirring speed were optimized. As a result, the stirring speed was 400 r·min~(-1), and the probe position was at 1/4 of the diameter of the beaker. The measurement results were accurate and reliable. Totally 105 batches of commercially available Chinese medicine granules were collected and dissolved according to the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. At the time point of 5 min, 57 batches of granules were completely dissolved, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 0-70 FTU; 32 batches of granules showed a slight turbidity, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 70-350 FTU; 14 batches of granule solution were turbid, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 350-2 000 FTU; two batches of granule solution were heavily turbid, and the corresponding turbidity values were >2 000 FTU. Among the above results, the number of batches in line with the pharmacopoeia dissolution requirement was 84.76%, and the dissolution of some granules still needed to be improved. The turbidity sensor recorded the change curve of turbidity value over time(solubility behavior curve). The degree of important of disintegration and dissolution during the dissolution process showed disintegration > dissolution, disintegration≈dissolution, disintegration less then dissolution. The dissolution behavior of the granules can be classified into three categories. The analysis of the mechanism in the process of granule solubility provides a basis for product process improvement.In this paper, a real time release testing(RTRT) model for predicting the disintegration time of Tianshu tablets was established on the basis of the concept of quality by design(QbD), in order to improve the quality controllability of the production process. First, 49 batches of raw materials and intermediates were collected. Afterwards, the physical quality attributes of all materials were comprehensively characterized. The partial least square(PLS) regression model was established with the 72 physical quality attributes of raw materials and intermediates as input and the disintegration time(DT) of uncoated tablets as output. TPI-1 in vivo Then, the variable screening was carried out based on the variable importance in the projection(VIP) indexes. Moisture content of raw materials(%HR), tapped density of wet masses(D_c), hygroscopicity of dry granules(%H), moisture content of milling granules(%HR) and Carr's index of mixed granules(IC) were determined as the potential critical material attributes(pCMAs). According to the effects of interactions of pCMAs on the performance of the prediction model, it was finally determined that the wet masses' D_c and the dry granules'%H were critical material attributes(CMAs). A RTRT model of the disintegration time prediction was established as DT=34.09+2×D_c+3.59×%H-5.29×%H×D_c,with R~2 equaling to 0.901 7 and the adjusted R~2 equaling to 0.893 3. The average relative prediction error of validation set for the RTRT model was 3.69%. The control limits of the CMAs were determined as 0.55 g·cm~(-3) less then D_c less then 0.63 g·cm~(-3) and 4.77 less then %H less then 7.59 according to the design space. The RTRT model of the disintegration time reflects the understanding of the process system, and lays a foundation for the implementation of intelligent control strategy of the key process of Tianshu Tablets.To control the risks of powder caking and capsule shell embrittlement of Guizhi Fuling Capsules, a predictive model for hygroscopicity of contents in Guizhi Fuling Capsules was built. A total of 90 batches of samples, including raw materials, intermediate powders and capsules, were collected during the manufacturing of Guizhi Fuling Capsules. According to the production sequence, 47 batches were used as the calibration set, and the properties of raw materials and the four intermediate powders were comprehensively characterized by the physical fingerprint. Then, the partial least squares(PLS) model was developed with the content hygroscopicity as the response variable. The variable importance in projection(VIP), variance inflation factor(VIF) and regression coefficients were used to screen out potential critical material attributes(pCMAs). As a result, five pCMAs from 54 physical parameters were screened out. Furthermore, different models were built by different combinations of pCMAs, and their predictive robustness of 43 batches was evaluated on the basis of the validation set. Finally, the tap density(D_c) of wet granules obtained from wet granulation and the angle of repose(α) of raw materials were identified as the critical material attributes(CMAs) affecting the hygroscopicity of the contents of Guizhi Fuling Capsules. The prediction model established with the two CMAs as independent variables had an average relative prediction error of 2.68% for samples in the validation set, indicating a good accuracy of prediction. This paper proved the feasibility of predictive modeling toward the control of critical quality attributes of Chinese medicine oral solid dosage(OSD). The combination of the continuous quality improvement, the industrial big data and the process modeling technique paved the way for the intelligent manufacturing of Chinese medicine oral solid preparations.Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Artemisiae Annuae Herba(LA or Jinqing) alcohol precipitation has various process parameters and complex process mechanism, and is one of the key units for manufacturing Reduning Injection. In order to identify the critical process parameters(CPPs) affecting the weight of the extract produced from the alcohol precipitation process, 259 batches of historical production data from 2017 to 2018 were collected, with a total of 829 318 data points. These data showed characteristics of large data, such as a large data volume, a low value density, and diverse sources. The data cleaning and feature extraction were first performed, and 48 feature variables were selected. The original data points were reduced to 9 936. Then, a combination of Pearson correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis were used to screen out 15 potential critical process parameters(pCPPs). After that, the partial least squares(PLS) was used in prediction of the weight of the extract, proving that the performance of predictive model based on 15 pCMAs is equivalent to that of predictive model based on 48 feature variables. The variable importance in projection(VIP) index was used to identify 9 CPPs, including 2 alcohol precipitation supernatant volume parameters, 4 initial extract weight parameters and 3 added alcohol volume parameters. As a result, the number of data points was 1 863, accounting for 0.28% of the original data. The big data analysis approach from a holistic point of view can effectively increase the value density of the original data. The critical process parameters obtained can help to accurately describe the quality transfer mechanism of the Jinqing alcohol precipitation process.
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