Notes

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PSS and one for IEEF-15) were estimated and they showed that time reaches the statistical significance coefficient only for the IEEF-15, meaning that subsequent evaluations of the indicators were significantly lower at each time point.

Index lesion HIFU ablation demonstrated satisfactory early oncological outcome but anteriorly located tumors had inadequate ablation. Urinary function was well preserved. Sexual function slightly decreased during follow-up.
Index lesion HIFU ablation demonstrated satisfactory early oncological outcome but anteriorly located tumors had inadequate ablation. Urinary function was well preserved. Sexual function slightly decreased during follow-up.
Exercise is increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to improve cancer prevention and prognosis. Several biological mechanisms mediating these benefits have been proposed, but the role of epigenetics remains largely unknown. Zileuton cell line Since epigenetics is highly susceptible to lifestyle factors, we hypothesized that exercise could affect the epigenome landscape in cancer tissues.

Rats implanted with AT1 prostate tumors were randomized to either control or exercise training. microRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone acetylation were analyzed in the tumor tissue.

MiR-27a-5p appeared to be differently expressed between sedentary and trained rats. Furthermore, exercise increased global DNA methylation and decreased DNA methyltransferases mRNA expression in the tumor tissue. Histone acetylation however remained unaltered.

Overall, exercise might reverse some of the cancer-related epigenetic alterations in the prostate tumor tissue.
Overall, exercise might reverse some of the cancer-related epigenetic alterations in the prostate tumor tissue.
To explore the potential mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in targeting the prostate gland, leading to exacerbation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms and greater risks of BPH complications such as acute urinary retention.

A categorized and comprehensive search in the literature has been conducted by 10 April 2021 using international databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library in line with the PRISMA guidelines recommendations. PICO strategy was used to formulate the research question. The following terms were used urology, COVID-19, coronavirus, BPH, inflammation, androgen receptors, LUTS, IPSS, PSA, and SARS-CoV-2 or a combination of them. Studies with irrelevant purposes and duplicates were excluded. The selected studies were performed on humans and published in English.

The research revealed 89 articles. After title screening and considering exclusion criteria, 52 papers were included for the systematic review. BPH is a common condition affecting older men. SA questionnaires (e.g., IPSS) and serum biomarkers (e.g., PSA).
Based on the current findings, SARS-CoV-2 can possibly damage the prostate and worsen BPH and its related LUTS through ACE2 signaling, AR-related mechanisms, inflammation, and metabolic derangement. We encourage future studies to investigate the possible role of COVID-19 in the progression of BPH-related LUTS and examine the prostatic status in susceptible patients with relevant available questionnaires (e.g., IPSS) and serum biomarkers (e.g., PSA).
Most men who die of prostate cancer are older than 70 years. The ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) randomized men of all ages with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) to receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with or without docetaxel demonstrating an overall survival (OS) benefit for docetaxel.

In a post-hoc analysis of this trial, we assessed patient characteristics and OS in patients ≥70 years ("older men") versus <70 years ("younger men") with Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, we compared adverse events, therapy completion rate, and subsequent treatment patterns between these two groups using Chi-squared tests.

177 (22.4%) patients were ≥70 years. Docetaxel + ADT resulted in improved OS in both older and younger men (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.45, 95%CI 0.25-0.80 for older men; HR 0.71, 95%CI 0.53-0.95 for younger men). This treatment benefit was seen for subgroups of older men with high vowhen receiving docetaxel + ADT. Oncologists should consider docetaxel chemotherapy as a favorable treatment option for older men with mHSPC who are fit for chemotherapy.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We assessed its effect on the risk of PCa reclassification (PCaR) during active surveillance.

Anthropometric, demographic, and clinical data concerning men diagnosed with a low-risk PCa and initially managed with active surveillance at the two participating institutions were retrospectively collected. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used for patients' self-assessment of their daily exercise and their consequent stratification into three groups sedentary (PASE ≤ 65), moderately active (65 < PASE < 125), active (PASE ≥ 125). Kaplan-Meier model was used to evaluate the predictive role of PA on PCaR, computed at 2, 5, 10 years after diagnosis; differences between lifestyle groups were assessed using the log-rank and uni-/multivariable Cox analyses applied to identify predictors of reclassification.

Eighty-five patients were included in the analysis, with a median age of 66 years (IQR ergoing active surveillance.
PA influences PCa evolution, as increasing levels are associated with a significantly reduced risk of tumor reclassification among patients undergoing active surveillance.
Obesity is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and early-stage infection, yet associations with combination antiretroviral (cART) adherence are unclear.

Among PLWH initiating cART in Uganda and South Africa, body mass index (BMI) was assessed at cART initiation, and cART adherence was monitored in real-time over 12 months. The association of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
) with adherence was assessed among nonpregnant participants with CD4 > 350 cells/mm
using fractional regression modeling.

Among 322 participants, median age was 32 years, 70% were female, and 54% were from Uganda. Prevalence of obesity was 12% in Uganda and 28% in South Africa. Mean overall cART adherence was 83% in Uganda and 66% in South Africa. Participants with obesity had higher adherence than those without obesity +3.6% (p = 0.44) in Uganda and +11.4% (p = 0.02) in South Africa.

Obesity at cART initiation was common and associated with higher adherence, although only significantly in South Africa.
Obesity at cART initiation was common and associated with higher adherence, although only significantly in South Africa.
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