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Permanent magnet structure, excitations and also short-range purchase within honeycomb Na2Ni2TeO6.
d address the emergence of EAS benefit, binaural cue sensitivity, and the role of EAS experience in children and adults.
Pneumatoceles of the temporal bone are rare entities. A symptomatic external auditory canal pneumatocele repaired endoscopically is demonstrated.

A 79-year-old man presented with fluctuating hearing loss and difficulty wearing in-ear hearing aids. The patient had two previous tube insertions which both failed within days. Examination of the left ear revealed a cyst filling the superior aspect of the lateral canal and obscuring the view of the majority of the tympanic membrane. Pre-op audiogram demonstrated a symmetric bilateral mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The patient underwent a transcanal endoscopic composite cartilage myringoplasty. On incising the pneumatocele, a pars flaccida defect was identified in continuity with the pneumatocele. After excising the pneumatocele, a posterosuperior based tympanomeatal flap was raised and the defect repaired with a composite tragal cartilage perichondrial graft.

The patient had an uneventful recovery. On first postoperative review, the tympanomeatal flap had healed and the cartilage graft was intact with partial integration and epithelialization. There was no evidence of pneumatocele recurrence and his existing hearing aids were able to be worn with satisfactory amplification. The formation of the pneumatocele was presumed secondary to a ball-valve effect of skin through the pars flaccida defect and progressive raising of the epithelial layer in continuity with the canal skin.

Surgical repair of temporal bone pneumatoceles is warranted in symptomatic patients. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause of their development is essential to surgical management.SDC video link http//links.lww.com/MAO/B267.
Surgical repair of temporal bone pneumatoceles is warranted in symptomatic patients. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause of their development is essential to surgical management.SDC video link http//links.lww.com/MAO/B267.
To characterize the relationship between cochlear duct length (CDL) and initial hearing preservation among cochlear implant recipients of a fully inserted 31.5 mm flexible lateral wall electrode array.

Retrospective review.

Tertiary academic referral center.

Adult cochlear implant recipients who presented preoperatively with unaided hearing detection thresholds of ≤ 65 dB HL at 125 Hz and underwent cochlear implantation with a 31.5 mm flexible lateral wall array.

Cochlear implantation with a hearing preservation surgical approach.

Computed tomography was reviewed to determine CDL. Hearing preservation was characterized by the shift in low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA; 125, 250, and 500 Hz), and shift in individual unaided hearing detection thresholds at 125, 250, and 500 Hz.

Nineteen patients met the criteria for inclusion. click here The mean CDL was 34.2 mm (range 30.8-36.5 mm). Recipients experienced a mean LFPTA shift of 27.6 dB HL (range 10-50 dB HL). Significant, negative correlations were observed between CDL and smaller threshold shifts at individual frequencies and LFPTA (p ≤ 0.048).

A longer CDL is associated with greater likelihood of preserving low-frequency hearing with long arrays. Low-frequency hearing preservation is feasible with fully inserted long flexible arrays within the initial months after cochlear implantation. Preoperative measurement of CDL may facilitate a more individualized approach in array selection to permit optimal cochlear coverage while enhancing hearing preservation outcomes.
A longer CDL is associated with greater likelihood of preserving low-frequency hearing with long arrays. Low-frequency hearing preservation is feasible with fully inserted long flexible arrays within the initial months after cochlear implantation. Preoperative measurement of CDL may facilitate a more individualized approach in array selection to permit optimal cochlear coverage while enhancing hearing preservation outcomes.
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) participates in sodium salicylate (SS)-induced tinnitus through alteration of the disordered neural activity and modulates the neuronal changes in the auditory cortex (AC).

Although the mechanism underlying tinnitus remains unclear, the crucial roles of the auditory center and limbic system in this process have been elucidated. Recent reports suggest that dysfunction of the ACC, an important component of the limbic system that regulates and controls the conduction of multiple sensations, is involved in tinnitus. Although altered functional connectivity between the ACC and the auditory system has been observed in humans with tinnitus, the underlying neuronal mechanism remains unexplored.

SS (350 mg/kg, 10%, i.p.) was used to yield tinnitus model in rats, followed by comparison of the alteration in the spontaneous firing rate (SFR), local field potential (LFP), and extracellular glutamic acid in the ACC. The responses of neurons in the AC to electrical stimulation from the ACC were also observed.

We determined significant increases in the neuronal SFR and extracellular glutamate level in the ACC after SS injection (p < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by decreased alpha band activity and increased beta and gamma band activity (p < 0.05). In the majority of AC neurons, the SFR decreased in response to ACC stimulation (p < 0.05).

Our results demonstrated that disordered neural activity in the ACC contributes to SS-induced tinnitus and that ACC activation can modulate AC activity.
Our results demonstrated that disordered neural activity in the ACC contributes to SS-induced tinnitus and that ACC activation can modulate AC activity.
To present a case of progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by labyrinthine erosion secondary to expanding geniculate ganglion cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverticulum extending along the path of the facial nerve.

Thirteen-year-old man with no past medical history or risk factors presented with unilateral progressive SNHL and no other otologic or neurologic symptoms.

Audiological data as well as imaging studies including a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and internal auditory canal and a temporal bone computed tomography (CT) are presented. Partial labyrinthectomy, CSF leak closure, and cochlear implantation were performed. A lumbar puncture was obtained 2 months postoperatively.

Closure of the CSF leak.

Mastoidectomy revealed a wide area of CSF leak through the geniculate ganglion and fallopian canal with partial destruction of the superior and lateral semicircular canals by an expanding diverticulum.

This is an unusual presentation of progressive SNHL due to partial labyrinthine erosion due to a meningocele of the geniculate ganglion along the fallopian canal.
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