Notes

Powerful, little size hydrophilic nanofibers increase the flux of ultrafiltration walls.
These findings were all consistent with the diagnosis of CD (i.e. hyaline-vascular type).

CD, a rare lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin rarely affects the spine. Here, we presented a 52-year-old male with a C3 lytic lesion resulting in C3/4 cord compression that favorably responded to a C3/4 laminectomy with posterior instrumented fusion.
CD, a rare lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin rarely affects the spine. Here, we presented a 52-year-old male with a C3 lytic lesion resulting in C3/4 cord compression that favorably responded to a C3/4 laminectomy with posterior instrumented fusion.
Meningiomas and gliomas are the two most common types of human intracranial tumors. However, meningiomas are not exclusively human tumors and are often seen in dogs and cats.

To present meningioma surgery in dogs and compare the surgical possibilities, tumor location, and to show the differences between human and veterinary approaches to tumor profiling. Eleven dogs with meningiomas were treated surgically for 5 years. All tumors except one were resected radically (Simpson 2). Localization of tumors mirrored that of human meningiomas.

Two dogs died in direct relation to surgery. One died 14 months after surgery due to tumor regrowth. Three dogs died of unrelated causes 10-36 months after tumor resection and five dogs are alive and tumor-free 2-42 months after surgery.

Radical surgery in dogs is as effective as in humans. Thus, we propose that it should be implemented as first-line treatment. The article is meant to please all those overly curious neurosurgeons in the world.
Radical surgery in dogs is as effective as in humans. Thus, we propose that it should be implemented as first-line treatment. The article is meant to please all those overly curious neurosurgeons in the world.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable progressive disease, with an incidence of 2.2- 2.3 per 100,000 individuals, which is not extremely low. ALS symptoms are accompanied by spinal myeloradicular motor deficit; its differential diagnosis is must because progressive paralysis needs emergency surgery.

A 64-year-old man with suspected ALS showing progressive paralysis with cervical myelopathy was diagnosed as normal after performing a nerve conduction study preoperatively. Postoperative diffuse fasciculation after posterior decompression allowed the diagnosis of ALS through needle electromyography (EMG). Thereafter, the patient's condition slowly deteriorated and he died after 16 months.

Surgery might aggravate ALS symptoms; however, surgery for progressive paralysis in patients with suspected ALS is required for distinguishing patients with non-ALS paralysis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eflornithine-hydrochloride-hydrate.html Approximately 70% of cases have spinal-onset ALS lacking typical cranial nerve symptoms; thus, to prevent unnecessary surgery, surgeons should at least know the characteristic features of ALS and should be aware that early diagnosis requires needle EMG for definitive diagnosis of ALS.
Surgery might aggravate ALS symptoms; however, surgery for progressive paralysis in patients with suspected ALS is required for distinguishing patients with non-ALS paralysis. Approximately 70% of cases have spinal-onset ALS lacking typical cranial nerve symptoms; thus, to prevent unnecessary surgery, surgeons should at least know the characteristic features of ALS and should be aware that early diagnosis requires needle EMG for definitive diagnosis of ALS.
The primary cerebellar germinoma is exceptional and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Its recurrence at the middle cranial fossa after complete response to radiotherapy is unique and associated with a poor prognosis. This article aims to report the successful management of the late recurrence of primary cerebellar germinoma at an unusual site after 4 years of complete response to radiotherapy.

A 22-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of severe headache and loss of balance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a triventricular hydrocephalus due to a 45x50mm cerebellar mass. Our preliminary diagnosis was medulloblastoma. First, we placed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with the medium-pressure valve, and then we used midline suboccipital craniotomy to remove the tumor completely. The histopathology was germinoma. The patient received 24 Gy craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with a 16 Gy boost to the primary site and had an MRI follow-up every six months. After a 4-year follow-up, he complained of recurrent severe headaches. The brain MRI illustrated a 62 × 61 mm temporal mass. We extirpated this tumor, and histopathology again revealed germinoma. After that, the patient received induction radiotherapy. The 1-year postoperative MRI showed no tumor remnant. At the time of writing, the patient had no headache and no neurological deficits.

Regular follow-ups with routine neuroaxis MRI should be recommended to detect recurrence early for all patients with intracranial germinomas. Surgical resection, if possible, and subsequent CSI are the most effective salvage treatment for recurrent germinoma.
Regular follow-ups with routine neuroaxis MRI should be recommended to detect recurrence early for all patients with intracranial germinomas. Surgical resection, if possible, and subsequent CSI are the most effective salvage treatment for recurrent germinoma.
Brain abscesses are relatively rare life-threatening infectious lesions often concomitant with a direct spillover of inflammation in the head or neck, hematogenous infections, and immunocompromised conditions. They rarely occur in adults without such predisposing factors.
is a well-known dental pathogen that very rarely causes brain abscesses.

We report such an abscess in a 51-year-old man who was innately healthy and had no oral lesions. A comprehensive computed tomography examination of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, was inconclusive but a transesophageal echocardiogram bubble study revealed a mild patent foramen ovale (PFO) that matched Grade 1 criteria. We deduced that the right-left shunt due to the PFO could have contributed to the brain infection and treated the patient successfully via surgical abscess aspiration and antibiotics.

In case of a brain abscess occurring in healthy adults, it is essential to investigate the source of infection and the existence of an arterio-venous shunt, such as PFO.
In case of a brain abscess occurring in healthy adults, it is essential to investigate the source of infection and the existence of an arterio-venous shunt, such as PFO.
Failure to prevent rebleeding after cerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most frequent reason for high morbidity and mortality of aneurysmal SAH. Our study aims to identify the outcome after surgical clipping of aneurysmal SAH before and after the establishment of the neurovascular unit. The clarifications of the positive turnover in the outcome will be discussed.

A retrospective cohort analysis was carried out on our experience with a controlled group of patients who underwent clipping for ruptured cerebral aneurysms (
= 61) from January 2015 to December 2019. A modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to determine the outcome after 6 months of follow-up.

The median mRS score (i.e., outcome) on admission was 4, whereas it was with a median score of 2 six months after clipping (
≤ 0.001). Overall, the cases with a good outcome were 63.9% of the sample, while the poor outcome conditions were 36.1%. The most cases with an improved outcome were after introducing the neurovascular unit, representing a transition of aneurysmal clipping practice in our center. The good outcome was changed from 42% to 76.7%, and the poor outcome was changed from 58% to 23.3% (
= 0.019). The crude mortality rate was similar to the rate worldwide (18%), with a noticeable decrease after organizing a neurovascular subspecialty.

The outcome after clipping of ruptured SAH can be largely affected by the surgeon's experience and postoperative intensive care. Organizing a neurovascular team is one of the major factors to achieve good outcomes.
The outcome after clipping of ruptured SAH can be largely affected by the surgeon's experience and postoperative intensive care. Organizing a neurovascular team is one of the major factors to achieve good outcomes.
Epilepsy is estimated to affect 70 million people worldwide and is medically refractory in 30% of cases.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study using a US database from 2012 to 2014 to identify patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the hospital with epilepsy as the primary diagnosis. The sampled population was weighted using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project guidelines. Procedural ICD-9 codes were utilized to stratify the sampled population into two cohorts resective surgery and implantation or stimulation procedure.

Query of the database yielded 152,925 inpatients, of which 8535 patients underwent surgical intervention. The nonprocedural group consisted of 76,000 White patients (52.6%) and 28,390 Black patients (19.7%) while the procedural group comprised 5550 White patients (64%) and 730 Black patients (8.6%) (
< 0.001). Patients with Medicare were half as likely to receive a surgical procedure (14.8% vs. 28.4%) while patients with private insurance were twice as likely to receive a pr-effective measures to improve inpatient epilepsy services in rural and nonteaching hospitals.
We demonstrate an area of need and significant improvement at institutions that have the resources and capability to perform epilepsy surgery. The data show that institutions may not be performing enough epilepsy surgery as a result of racial and socioeconomic bias. Admissions for epilepsy continue to increase without a similar trend for epilepsy surgery despite its documented effectiveness. Race, socioeconomic status, and insurance all represent significant barriers in access to epilepsy surgery. The barriers can be remedied by improving referral patterns and implementing cost-effective measures to improve inpatient epilepsy services in rural and nonteaching hospitals.
Osteosarcoma, representing 3% of sarcomas, rarely involves the axial skeleton. The overall 5-year survival is just 18%. Here, we present a 15-year-old female with an extracompartmental osteosarcoma, who following radical spine surgery, chemotherapy, and intensive radiotherapy remained disease-free 15.5 years later.

A 15-year-old female presented with an acute right lower extremity monoparesis and T4 relative sensory level attributed to a T4 extracompartmental Osteosarcoma. Following circumferential spine surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, her tumor did not recur over the 15.5-year follow-up period.

Osteosarcoma rarely presents focally in the spine. When it originates in the spine, there are typically few long-term survivors. Here, we report a 15-year-old female who presented with an acute monoparesis attributed to an extracompartmental T4 spinal osteosarcoma. Following circumferential tumor resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the patient remains disease-free 15.5 years later.
Osteosarcoma rarely presents focally in the spine. When it originates in the spine, there are typically few long-term survivors. Here, we report a 15-year-old female who presented with an acute monoparesis attributed to an extracompartmental T4 spinal osteosarcoma. Following circumferential tumor resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the patient remains disease-free 15.5 years later.
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