Notes

Host-pathogen interaction among macrophage co-cultures with Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.
Preoperative hemoglobin A1C levels were associated with development of mediastinitis, stroke, pneumonia, sepsis, renal failure and mortality after cardiac surgery. Key WordsHemoglobin A1C, Cardiac surgery, Complication, Meta-analysis.
Preoperative hemoglobin A1C levels were associated with development of mediastinitis, stroke, pneumonia, sepsis, renal failure and mortality after cardiac surgery. Key Words Hemoglobin A1C, Cardiac surgery, Complication, Meta-analysis.
To comparatively investigate the efficacy, safety and complications of flexible ureterorenoscopy (f-URS) in the treatment of patients of different age groups (<60, 60-74 and ≥75 years) with proximal ureteral and kidney stones.

Descriptive study.

Department of Urology, HSU Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, HSU Ankara Diskapi Training, Research Hospital, and Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, between March 2014 and June 2020.

Nine hundred and fifty-six patients, who underwent f-URS due to proximal ureteral and kidney stones, were divided into three age groups as <60 years (Group 1), 60-74 years (Group 2) and ≥75 year (Group 3). The patients' American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), anticoagulant use, stone-free rates and surgical and medical complication rates were examined for each group.

There were 688 patients in Group 1, 230 in Group 2, and 38 in Group 3. A significant difference was observed between the age groups in terms of CCI and anticoagulant use (p<0.001 for both). The highest rate of medical complications was observed in Group 3 at 42.1%, followed by Group 2 at 17.8%, while the lowest rate was observed in Group 1 at 2.3% (p<0.001). As a result of the multivariate analysis, receiving anticoagulant treatment (p=0.002) and having a high CCI (p=0.005) were independent predictors of medical complication development.

It was clearly demonstrated that f-URS could be used as a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of moderate-size kidney stones in all age groups. Key Words Elderly, Geriatric patients, RIRS, Holmium laser lithotripsy, Urolithiasis, Safety, Efficacy.
It was clearly demonstrated that f-URS could be used as a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of moderate-size kidney stones in all age groups. Key Words Elderly, Geriatric patients, RIRS, Holmium laser lithotripsy, Urolithiasis, Safety, Efficacy.
To demonstrate the predictive effect of PSA derivatives and time markers that is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) on survival in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPCa).

Descriptive, analytical study.

Department of Urology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey, between 2012 and 2020.

One hundred patients, who were treated with prostate cancer, were subjected. CCS-1477 mw The PSA values were noted, nadir PSA values were detected, times to nadir PSA, HRPCa, and follow-up times were recorded. PSADT and PSAV were calculated. The relationships between the groups were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate overall survival between the groups.

The patients were grouped according to the mean PSADT, median PSAV, median nadir PSA, and mean time to HRPCA. The survival of those with high PSADT, low PSAV and low nadir PSA were found to be significantly longer (p=0.006, p<0.001, p<0.001). High PSAV was also associated with signifiwith the help of other parameters, could work as prognostic factors, and help clinicians predict survival in men with HRPCa. Key Words PSA kinetics, Hormone-refractory prostate cancer, Survival, Prognostic factors.
To evaluate the usability of electrocardiography (ECG) intervals in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.

An observational study.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Kayseri City Hospital, Turkey, from November 2018 to May 2019.

Each of 80 patients for study and control groups were prospectively included. For study group, pre- and post-treatment ECG intervals (P-wave and QRS complex periods, PP, PR, RR, QT, and QTc intervals) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of the patients were evaluated. For control group, ECG intervals and COHb levels of the patients during admission to the Emergency Department were evaluated.

As a result of the statistical analysis in which measurements of the study group and control group were compared, a statistically significant difference was found in the following values pre-treatment group COHb level (p<0.001), PR interval (p=0.046), PP interval (p<0.001), QT interval (p<0.001), QTC interval (p=0.016), RR interval (p<0.001), and post-treatment group COHb level (p<0.001), PR interval (p=0.009), PP interval (p=0.041), QTC interval (p=0.010), and RR interval (p=0.036). QT interval values in the post-treatment group were similar to those of the control group (p=0.342). In the ROC analysis where the diagnostic performance of ECG intervals was evaluated, the area under the curve (AUC) scale was between 0.29 and 0.62.

ECG intervals do not provide as much benefit as COHb measurement in the diagnosis of acute CO poisoning. However, the QT interval is a useful ECG interval in the treatment monitoring of acute CO poisoning. Key Words Acute carbonmonoxide poisoning, ECG interval, QT interval, Emergency Department.
ECG intervals do not provide as much benefit as COHb measurement in the diagnosis of acute CO poisoning. However, the QT interval is a useful ECG interval in the treatment monitoring of acute CO poisoning. Key Words Acute carbonmonoxide poisoning, ECG interval, QT interval, Emergency Department.
To determine the relationship of oxidative stress status with follow-up parameters, metabolic control status, and treatment compliance evaluation in patients diagnosed within toxication type inherited metabolic disease (IMDs).

Descriptive, analytical study.

Dr. Sami Ulus, Maternity and Child Health, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between September 2019 and March 2020.

Sixty-seven patients, who were followed up with a diagnosis of IMDs in the pediatric metabolism outpatient clinic, and 41 healthy volunteers who applied to the social pediatrics outpatient clinic, were evaluated. Disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol ratios of the patient and control group were calculated. P <0.05 (*) value was considered significant in statistical analysis.

The mean native thiol / total thiol ratio of the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control group (92.0±3.3 vs 94.1±2.7, p=0.001). The median disulfide level [19.8 (11.6-25) vs 14(10.
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