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KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND & AIMS The World Health Organization's hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination strategy recognizes the need for interventions that identify populations most affected by infection. The emergency department (ED) has been suggested as a setting for HCV screening. The study objective was to explore the health and economic impact of HCV screening in the ED setting. METHODS We used a microsimulation model to conduct a cost-utility analysis evaluating two ED setting-specific strategies no screening, and screening and subsequent treatment. Strategies were examined for two populations (1) the general ED patient population; and (2) ED patients born between 1945-1975. The analysis was conducted from a healthcare payer perspective over a lifetime time horizon. A reference and high ED HCV seroprevalence measure were examined in the Canadian healthcare setting. US costs of chronic infection were used for a scenario analysis of screening in the US healthcare setting. RESULTS For birth cohort screening, in comparison to no screening, one liver-related death was averted for every 760 and 123 persons screened for the reference and high seroprevalence measures. For general population screening, one liver-related death was averted for every 831 and 147 persons screened for the reference and high seroprevalence measures. In comparison to no screening, birth cohort screening was cost-effective at CAN$25,584/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and US$42,615/QALY. General population screening was cost-effective at CAN$19,733/QALY and US$32,187/QALY. ALK inhibitor review CONCLUSIONS ED screening may represent a cost-effective component of population-based strategies to eliminate HCV. ALK inhibitor review Further studies are warranted to explore the feasibility and acceptability of this approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cnidium lactone on OVX-induced bone loss and determine whether it exerts its effects by mediating the estrogen receptor-α (ERα)/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)/Smad signaling pathways. METHODS Fifty-five female rats were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups the OVX group, the sham-operated (sham) group, and groups treated with cnidium lactone at different doses (10 mg/kg/d, 20 mg/kg/d, 30 mg/kg/d). Treatments were administered for 60 days. Search Tool for Interacting Chemicals (STITCH, http//stitch.embl.de/) was used to identify the interaction between cnidium lactone and target proteins. Bone mineral density (BMD), mechanical strength, serum osteoblastic and osteoclastic markers, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the distal femur were evaluated. Moreover, western blot analyses were also performed to evaluate the effect of cnidium lactone on the ERα/BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway. RESULTS Cnidium lactone treatment was associated with an increase in the BMD of the distal femur compared with that of the OVX group. Moreover, cnidium lactone significantly increased biomechanical properties in a dose-dependent manner compared with those of the OVX group (P less then 0.05). Treatment with cnidium lactone significantly enhanced the BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of ERα, BMP-2, p-Smad1 and p-Smad4. Cnidium lactone treatment improved the microstructure of trabecular bone in the distal femurs of OVX rats, as shown by HE staining. CONCLUSIONS Cnidium lactone exerts potent antiosteoporotic activity in ovariectomized mice, and the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to the ERα/BMP-2/Smad signaling pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of reducing the healing time of maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) by a two-stage approach using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) alone, based on clinical, histomorphometric, and microradiographic evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty consecutive cases with an atrophic posterior edentulous maxilla were randomly assigned to two groups at a ratio of 11. The lateral window approach to MSFE with DBBM alone was followed by an 8-month bone-healing period in the control group compared to 5 months in the test group. During implant placement, bone biopsies were harvested from implant osteotomy sites for micro-computed tomography (CT), histological, and histomorphometric evaluations. Cone beam CT (CBCT) scans were performed before and immediately after MSFE and after the bone-healing periods. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured sequentially at implant placement and 1, 3, and 6 months thereafter. RESULTS The histomorphometric and microradiographic results showed no significant differences in new bone formation on the augmented sinus floor between the two groups (all Ps > .05), except that trabecular thickness was significantly reduced and trabecular separation significantly increased in the test group (both Ps  .05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the bone-healing time of MSFE with DBBM alone for staged implant placement could be reduced to 5 months instead of 8 or 9 months, based on the histomorphometric, microradiographic, and clinical outcomes; however, impact on long-term implant survival remains unknown and needs further investigation with long-term follow-ups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) have been widely used in chemical sensors, biological imaging and light emitting devices. However, individual fluorescent CuNCs have limitations in their capabilities, arising from poor photostability and weak emission intensity. As one kind of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), the formation of aggregates with high compactness and good order can efficiently improve the CuNCs' emission intensity, stability, and tunability. Here, DNA nanoribbons, containing multiple specific binding sites, can serve as a template for ultrasmall copper nanocluster (0.6 nm) in situ synthesis and assembly. These CuNCs self-assemblies exhibit enhanced luminescence and excellent fluorescence stability due to tight and ordered arrangement through DNA nanoribbons templating. Furthermore, the stable and bright copper nanoclusters assemblies are applied to high-sensitivity detection and intracellular fluorescence imaging of biothiols. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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